Agonist

Fentanyl According to Susan Robertson, the drug fentanyl which is an opiate agonist, has been around since the 1960s and created by Dr. Paul Jansen. "The use of fentanyl as a pain reliever and anesthetic was quickly adopted in the medical setting. In the 1960s, the agent was introduced as an intravenous anesthetic under the brand name Sublimaze"(S.Robertson)pg.1. In the 90s fentanyl was turned into a patch which breaks down into the blood stream through a period of 72 hours. Fentanyl…

1. Backward journey of a neuron Neurons are specialized cells, and their effective communication is vital to the proper functioning of the peripheral and central nervous system. In this part, we shall cover the backward journey of transmission. Neurons transmit electrical information through the body. The process of transmission should flow well, but there exists a gap between one neuron and the next one called the synaptic junction. The gap is known as the synaptic cleft. Since the electrical…

Cinciripini et al. (2013) had participants receive smoking cessation counseling, and Varenicline, bupropion, or a placebo for 12 weeks. Varenicline is a selective partial agonist of the α4 β 2 acetylcholine receptor. It stimulates dopamine release from the nucleus accumbens, but less than nicotine does (e.g., Cinirpini et al., 2013). It likely works similar to a nicotine patch, allowing for a gradual withdrawal from stimulation…

periods of restful sleep (Rados). There are many widely prescribed medications to treat RLS but a person must consult their personal doctor for the best treatment plan that individual. Dopamine agonists such as Mirapex & Neupro along with Requip are often the first medications used to treat RLS. Dopamine agonists act like the neurotransmitter in the brain and side effects include daytime sleepiness, nausea and lightheadedness. Dopaminergic agents such as Sinemet increase the level of dopamine in…

calcium-activated potassium (BK) channels in the pathogenesis of epilepsy. Also, there is no data regarding the effect of co-administration of cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) receptor agonists and BK channels antagonists in the acute models of seizure in mice. In this study, the effects of arachidonyl-2′-chloroethylamide (ACEA), as a CB1 receptor agonist, and BK channel antagonist, paxilline, either alone or in combination were investigated. Materials and Methods: The pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) or…

effective in asthma control. Inhaled corticosteroids are often the treatment of choice because of their anti-inflammatory activity and low incidence of side effects in the elderly. During acute asthma exacerbation, Inhaled beta agonists are recommended. Short acting beta agonist such as albuterol is the most commonly used (Melani,…

Examine the forced swim test and sucrose preference test as simple tests of behavioural despair in a rodent animal model of depression, and evaluate the efficacy of nAChR agonists, antagonists, and ligand agonists as a supplement to the commonly prescribed antidepressant fluoxetine. 1.1 Rationale & specific goals The forced swim test (FST) and sucrose preference test (SPT) are commonly used behavioural experiments that are low cost, simple to implement, require no training of subjects, and can…

Roland with his quick thinking jumped up and grabbed the bird. Both this instance and the one with the agonists he claims where “pure luck”.But nevertheless the zookeeper was so impressed he gave Smith a full time job working for the “big” zoo which led Smith to continue working with animals for 20 years. Traveling to various zoos all around the world, reintroducing…

ideal technique for postoperative pain control [2]. Many studies were done using different intra-articular agents as local anesthetics, opioids, ketamine, NSAIDS and a2-adrenergic agonists for prevention and treatment of pain after knee surgeries [3]. Dexmedetomidine is a potent and highly selective a2-adrenoreceptor agonist. It has sedative-hypnotic, anxiolytic, analgesic, anesthetic and sympatholytic effects [4].…

surgery, trauma or cancer. Evidence suggests that tramadol can ease opioid withdrawal, therefore it cannot be abused and may be beneficial for treating opioid dependence. Analgesic effects of tramadol are facilitated with a combination of mu-opiod agonist effects and norepinephrine and serotonin reuptake inhibition. (Kayser et al., 1992; Raffa et al., 1992; Driessen…