Agonist

Tourette’s syndrome is a neurological condition that was named after a French neurologist in 1885. George Gilles described children with symptoms that include onset of jerky movements of the body called tics. The tics were associated with uncontrollable noises or obscene utterances. The neurologist noticed that some of the symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder, poor control of impulses and other cognitive behavioral problems. Tourette is a common biological, genetic disorder that manifests…

accepted treatment for retinal ischemia that decreases the production of retinal angiogenic growth factors thus preventing neovascular glaucoma.2 Medical treatment to lower intraocular pressure in early stage of NVG consists of beta-blockers or alpha-2-agonists with carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.1 If this option fails and NVG develops, trabeculectomy should be considered.1 Aqueous shunt implants are recommended if trabeculectomy fails as well.1 Ciliary body ablation, cyclocryotherapy, and laser…

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), is classified by any kinds of obsession either reoccurring thoughts, urges, or images in which causes the person to have anxiety or distress (Abramowitz, McKay, & Storch, 2014). According to the World Health Organization (WHO), there is early data that reflects on how much of a burden this disorder can affect someone who suffers from it. Additionally, WHO characterized OCD as one of the most disabling of all medical disorders (Reghunandanan, Stein, & Fineberg…

Problem 1: Anastomotic Leakage Anastomotic leakage is not only one of the commonest postoperative problems after colostomy but also among the most serious problems. In most cases, this problem occurs 3 to 5 days postoperatively. Anastomotic leakage has a high prevalence and contribution to mortality. For example, anastomotic leakage accounts for about 2.9% to an alarming 15.3% of severe problems that are particular to intestinal surgery. As far as mortality is concerned, anastomotic leakage…

generation antipsychotics or atypical antipsychotics are serotonin-dopamine antagonists. They do so by blocking serotonin receptors. This is due to the high affinity for 5-HT2A receptors. It also dissociates from D2 receptor easily while being an agonist with 5-HT1A receptors. This increases dopamine release and reduce glutamate release. Heroin is an opiate that gives a person a euphoric feeling. It does so by activating opiate receptors in the brain. This causes secondary messengers to…

Osteoporosis is a skeletal disorder characterised by low bone density weakening of bony tissue. When this occurs bones are more prone to fractures Bone loss happens without any symptoms that’s why some individuals might not know that they have osteoporosis until the bones are so weak and fragile. Women are affected by osteoporosis than men because women have lower dense bone mass and an increased rate of low bone mass especially after menopause. Primary osteoporosis is the most common type of…

Treatments of Type 2 diabetes After being diagnosed with type 2 diabetes there is many key factors that have to take place the patient may or may not need to take medication depending on the complication and also on the lifestyle of the patient. Also, lifestyle changes will have to take place in order to prevent type 2 diabetes, the following will need to take place a diet with a low carbohydrate diet and aerobic exercise. Insulin therapy is also another way in treating this chronic disease.…

sites in the brain. GABA is an important inhibitory neurotransmitter that if in excess amounts in the brain or regulated can cause seizures and sleep problems respectively. Previously, scientists have tried medication substitution to anxiolytics, agonist substitution to mimic the effect, or abstain completely. Liebrenz and his team of five scientists suggest that, “patients’ subjective views are of clinical importance because past research indicates that individuals should be presented with a…

The success in quitting smoking depends upon two factors;(1) (i) Degree of dependence on cigarettes (ii) The motivation to stop smoking It is very important to assess both these factors to plan a strategy to quit smoking.(1)Motivation is important because if a person is not highly motivated, smoking cessation will not work(1). The dependence on cigarettes in smokers can be measured by(1): (i) Qualitative method (ii) Quantitative method (iii) Objective method Qualitative Method(1): The…

Introduction With each case study, I will explore and analyze the various scenarios and the impact the ailments have on the nervous system. Each scenario has its own effect on areas of neurons, the method of sending and receiving neurotransmitters, and the lasting effects of the impaired neurons. Case Study 1: Amy Amy burns her finger while cooking dinner. The natural response for someone that touches something hot is to pull their hand away from the heat. This response is provoked by general…