Agarose gel electrophoresis

28. a) A structure that was made if two chains of nucleotides, each in a helix, with each chain running parallel to each other. Also proved that the nucleotide bases could pair up in only one way based on Chargaff’s rule. b) Franklin’s x-ray diffraction photographs showed that the wet form of DNA likely had a double helix. Wilkins showed Watson Franklin’s results and at the time Watson and Crick were experimenting with many potential models of having 1,2 or even 2 strands. As soon as Watson saw…

concentrations in cell lysates were determined spectrophotometrically using the NanoDrop 2000c spectrophotometer (NanoDrop Technologies, Wilmington, DE, USA). Heat-denatured protein samples (300ng per lane) were resolved by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and transferred to nitrocellulose membrane (Boster, Wuhan, China). The membranes were incubated for 60 min in 10% nonfat dry milk to block nonspecific binding, followed by incubation for 12 h at 4℃with primary antibody [primary mouse…

The Indian subcontinent has served as a major corridor for the genetic diversity of its inhabitants. Modern-day human population dispersal routes is punctuated with delineating migrations that eventually led anatomically modern humans (AMH) to spread over most parts of the world within the past 100,000 years (Cavalli- Sforza, Menozzi and Piazza 1994; Lahr and Foley 1994). Migration waves are influenced by landscape traversed and thus, natural inter continental passageways acting as corridors…

It is generally accepted that a virophage is a viral agent that infects other larger viruses. It is a dsDNA virus which utilizes the replication factories of other viruses to reproduce itself. Virophages are essentially parasitic in nature, much in the same way as traditional satellite viruses. It is not without controversy that distinctions between satellite viruses and virophages are described. The difference between the two often seem more semantic than factual and more supported by…

PCR History The invaluable molecular technique known as PCR, or the polymerase chain reaction, was discovered by a biochemist named Kary Mullis. Mullis was doing research in the early 1980s at a biotechnology company in California when he initially thought of the idea regarding PCR. PCR was developed by a combination of several techniques already in existence; the synthesis of oligonucleotides and their utilization to synthesize new copies of DNA that were specific using DNA polymerases. Mullis…

Separation through Ion Exchange Chromatography Introduction Amino acids are important molecules that serve as building blocks for all proteins that are made in every organism. Although there are millions of different proteins that can be made by all living things combined, all proteins are derived from a base of 20 amino acids that are combined together in different ways to create the diversity of life that is on Earth. Humans cannot produce all of the amino acids needed for protein synthesis,…