Agar

important in allowing the bacteria to survive in adverse conditions, so it is expected that it would not survive the prolong UV exposure. The outlier in this experiment may have arisen due to a possible contamination that may have occurred when the agar plates were exposed to the air, leading to the loss of purity of the culture. B.subtillus grown for 7 days does have spores that are needed to allow it to survive the UV radiation, so it is expected that there should, at least, be some growth…

Sulfamethazine remediation potential of Arabidopsis thaliana root ABSTRACT The use of antibiotics in animals either as a growth promoting or as a disease treating agent has become a worldwide trend. Antibiotics being stable bioactive compounds are not fully absorbed into the animal system and are released into the environment through animal manure. This study aims to discern the effect of one such veterinary antibiotic, sulfamethazine, on Arabidopsis thaliana root and also the possible…

Introduction Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill belongs to the family Cactaceae. Its globally common name is the sweet prickly pear locally is called Albarshom. It has widely international spread. Firstly, Opuntia ficus-indica has founded Central America (Mexico). And later the species have been introduced to many areas of savanna regions and inhibit South Africa, Asia, and Australia as an ornamental, for camel feed (Brutsch and Zimmermann, 1993) and for its delicious fruits as food for humans,…

Genetically modified organisms, better known as GMOs, have been a controversial topic that has caused an uproar among the population. The researcher’s interest pertaining to this topic was peaked approximately one year ago during a biotechnology lecture. Throughout this lecture Mrs. Rausch, a former biotechnologist, explained the fundamental concepts and processes of making genetically modified organisms. Not only has this lecture shaped the researcher’s bias, but his extensive research for…

Soil houses a vast array of life including many different types of microbes. These microbes help contribute to the ecosystems in and around the soil. For the purpose of the study of this paper the ecosystem that the sample was collected from was the forest floor. The types of microbes that grow in specific soil samples depend on many things such as pH, salinity, temperature and the variant levels of different nutrients. Moisture levels of soil and energy sources are also large factors in…

unknown species of bacteria. Within the many procedures of identifying the unknown bacteria, I was first given a tube with the unknown bacteria, from which later on I started subcultures by streaking bacteria from the original tube onto a tryptic soy agar (TSA) slant. Throughout the process of identifying the unknown, new subcultures were produced in order to use the newest bacteria to conduct the tests. Thus, this process allowed the unknown bacteria to grow and maintain. Before a series of…

production of adulterated and fake EBN product in the global market. In order to increase the net weight of the nest prior to sale, a few material has been identified as common adulterants including karaya gum, red seaweed, Tremella fungus, sodium alginate, agar, nature plant and egg white. Usually these materials incorporated during the processing stages at levels approximating 10% and extremely difficult to detect due to their similarity of colour, appearance, texture and taste to the actual…

PROJECT PLAN 2 Introduction The main objective of the project is to produce the immunosuppressant drug, Cyclosporine from Tolypocladium Inflatum. Patients who undergo solid organ transplantation require an immunosuppressive drug to prevent rejection by decreasing the body's own natural defense to foreign tissues, and Cyclosporin A is one of the most commonly used immunosuppressive drugs in the organ transplantations. Cyclosporin A is a cyclic nonribosomal peptide, consisting of 11 amino acids…

Coelogyne flaccida seed culture in vitro reveals that there are two pathways of asymbiotic seedling development from seeds. On one pathway, the seeds obtained from green capsules germinated readily asymbiotically in the nutrient medium supplemented with 0.5 – 2 mg/l NAA and IAA plus 15% coconut water and charcoal, 2 gm/l. During the usual germination process, the undifferentiated embryo of the seed produces a large number of protocorm-like bodies (PLBs) without forming the intermediate callus…

to carry out activities. If cells were too big, diffusion would take too long because although there is still a large surface in which diffusion can occur, the large volume catches up to the surface area and requires more diffusion. The .5x.5x.5 cm agar cube demonstrated using the ratio of 12:1 as an advantage; the cube completely changed color, meaning diffusion successfully occurred, in only an average of 3.17 minutes. Having a greater surface area than volume in this ratio allowed diffusion…