Adrenergic receptor

G.S. is a very pleasant 83 year old white female admitted to the unit on 10/29/15 for congestive heart failure and shortness of breath. This is her second time being admitted within a week of discharge for the same diagnosis. G.S. is a widow who lives along at home. She has never smoked and does not drink alcohol. She is, however, a little on the obese side. Her niece is her power of attorney and she does have an advance directive. She has a family history of heart disease and hypertension, and…

People with severe mental health conditions have increased rates of premature deaths and reduced life span compared to the general population. Studies clearly indicated that the life expectancy of New Zealanders with severe mental illness (SMI) and addictions has considerably reduced by up to twenty-five years compared to the general population (Newcomer, 2007). Research clearly highlighted that cardio-metabolic factors have an enormous impact in contributing to a significant increase in…

many different medical conditions such as heart disease, Propranolol works on the heart and blood vessels. For clinical use, enantiomeric purity is essential but the (+) – enantiomer acts as a contraceptive. The asymmetric synthesis of the beta-adrenergic blocker (S) – (-) – propranolol is described by the famous Sharpless expoxidation. The alkaloid (-) – levorphanol is an opiate medication used to treat moderate to severe pain. First prescribed in Germany in 1948 as an orally-active…

Introduction: Epidemiology: Sepsis is a significant public health burden with increasingly high incidence and mortality rates. In 2010, an estimated 5.1% of deaths were attributed to sepsis in the United Kingdom. Consequently, it is a leading cause of admission to intensive care units (ICU), delays in hospital discharge and a significant cost to the economy. Therefore, it is imperative to raise awareness and prepare clinicians with the knowledge and guidance to embark on the global movement…

stress. Abnormal cerebral serotonergic and adrenergic activity contributes to dysphoria and insomnia in Alzheimer’s…

INTRODUCTION Chronotherapy is the administration of drug or treatment according to the circadian rhythm of body that give maximum therapeutic effect and minimum adverse effects. Circadian rhythm control the biochemical process and functions of the body and environmental factors such as light, temperature, food intake can influence the circadian rhythm[1]. The pathological state of the disease condition have an observed rhythm for almost all diseases like asthma, cancer , hypertension etc. This…

You’re hiking through the woods when all of a sudden you hear a stick crack. You look cautiously around for the hazard, but you see no one. Your heart starts racing. You begin to sweat. Your mouth dries and you feel butterflies in your stomach. Your hair stands on end. You feel a surge of energy and in a split second you find yourself running away from the noise. Whether you’re aware of it or not, your body just went through a response known as the fight or flight response also known as the…

Nifedipine Nifedipine is a common drug used to treat a variety of disorders from hypertension and angina to preventing premature labour in pregnancy (Aedla, N, et al. 2012). It originated in the early 1970’s from the works of Bayer, who developed the short-acting formulation that proved to be successful in controlling high blood pressure, however due to its side effects, was modified to a long-acting formula which produced fewer side effects and is commonly used in modern obstetric practice…

increased collagen levels; increased left atrium size; decreased aortic dispensability; and decreased vascular tone. This causes decreased diastolic pressure (during initial filling of the heart); decreased diastolic filling; decreased reaction to beta-adrenergic stimulus;…

According to Schouten et al (2008), sepsis involves the activation of the coagulation cascade coupled with down-regulation of anticoagulation and fibrinolysis. An intricate link between inflammation and coagulation exists within the body (Neligan, 2006). When a pathogen is present in the bloodstream or when tissue injury occurs, an inflammatory response occurs. The response causes a stimulation of the immune system to produce interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis…