Adipose tissue

collection of glands which secretes chemical messengers such as hormones directly into the bloodstream to create a response in a target cell (Reece,M et al. 2011). Adipose tissue is a major organ in the endocrine system which stores energy and produces active peptides called adipocytokines. Adiponectin is a hormone from the adipose tissue and which is encoded by the gene ADIPOQ. It breaks down fatty acids and regulates glucose levels in our bodies. Therefore, low levels of adiponectin can lead…

kidney has dorsal and ventral surface, medial and lateral borders. The lateral border is convex while, the medial border is concave, indented hilus, and an upper and lower pole. The hilus and sides of the kidney of albino rat are surrounded by adipose tissue. Anatomically, the rat kidneys lay alongside the vertebral column in the abdominal cavity and suprarenal glands situated above their poles (David, 2000). The mean weight of the right kidney is 1.1 gm while, the left one is 0.96 gm. The mean…

Stem cells are cells that retained cellular renewal ability (Avasthi, Ms, & Ms, 2008). These cells can differentiate to a large spectrum of cell types including but not limited to various organ cells and other tissue cells. There are 2 main types of stem cells: embryonic stem cells (embryo) and somatic stem cells (adult). Depending on the cell’s potency, the ability to differentiate to different cells will vary. There are different potency of cells, which include: totipotency, pluripotency and…

The independent variable is the health promoting ASP. The dependent variables are the following: nutritional knowledge, nutritional habits, physical activity, and adipose reduction. The health promoting ASP is a program that offers underserved children an outlet to improve their health and wellbeing. Health is defined as a state within a continuum of disease and wellness. Health can be any state that an individual…

Core mechanisms The main organ involved with controlling glucose levels in the body is the pancreas. This organ contains specific areas known as the Islets of Langerhans which contain α cells and β cells. As this essay is focusing on the adverse effects of excess glucose in the body (hyperglycaemia) – the β cells will primary be studied as these act to lower blood glucose within the body. The cells do this by releasing a hormone known as insulin. [10] Figure 1 – Insulin Secretion…

PROTEOMICS AND NUTRIGENOMICS ASSIGNMENT: PUFA AS NUTRACEUTICAL SUBMITTED TO: DR. SANAULLAH IQBAL SUBMITTED BY: MAHAM ABID REGISTRATION NO. : 2014-ND-026 NUTRACEUTICAL Nutraceutical is referred to a functional food ingredient or a nutrient that possesses therapeutic properties and claim health benefits among people. CLASSIFICATION BASED ON CHEMICAL NATURE Nutraceuticals can be divided as follows: • Isoprenoid derivatives • Phenolic substances • Fatty acids and structural lipids •…

Hormonal balance is very important; when the hormones are properly balanced, the body works as expected. But when they are out of balance, the body begins experiencing problems. Estrogen commonly termed as the female hormone and testosterone considered as the male hormone are crucial in the reproductive system. Men can experience elevated levels of estrogen. But does a man produce estrogen? Yes, a man’s body produces estrogen but in low levels. It’s produced mainly by adrenal glands as well as…

cortisol is released from the adrenal cortex in response to ACTH stimulation, it functions to increase blood glucose levels through its action on glycogen, protein, and lipid metabolism. In the liver, cortisol stimulates gluconeogenesis and, in adipose tissue, activates lipolysis and free fatty acids (FFA) to be released into the circulation. Cortisol also has a permissive effect on glucagon and catecholamine action, thereby contributing to insulin resistance and increased blood glucose levels…

According to official website for Gatorade, Gatorade is the one of the most famous sports drinks, which was formulated in early summer of 1965 at the University of Florida College of Medicine to help football players to facilitate proper hydration. A private company obtained patent to sell the drink publically and started adding chemicals to processed Gatorade in 1969 (Newsmax Health, 2013). Soon after, Gatorade spread out athletic fields and it became the official sports drink of the NFL in…

The chemistry of carbohydrates, proteins and minerals plays an important role in running the life process of human body. The chemical reactions and their role in the human body are essential as it fuels the body to carry out the life process, to keep the body healthy and to provide body with energy. Structure of Starch It is formed by units of glucose and is a homopolysaccaride. It is found in the vegetable cells and is composed of two types of homopolysaccaride; Amylopectin and amylose.…