Adipose tissue

Introduction According to the World Health Organization (WHO), diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia with disruption of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism. The elevation of blood glucose level is due to defects in insulin secretion, impaired insulin action, or both. Diabetes mellitus is categorized to type 1 and 2. Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) usually develops in childhood and adolescence. The patients need to rely on insulin injections…

In this lab I examined and drew different samples of slides and then categorized these slides into a logical evolutionary order. The first sample that most likely came first in the evolutionary order is the typical bacteria, which I viewed at a 1000 magnification. These bacteria can be found in the Eubacteria domain and kingdom. The bacteria in my sample were coccus, which means that the bacterium has a round shape, and this type of bacteria is one of the simplest forms of bacteria. These cells…

the cells. This will rise cellular rate of glucose utilization as an energy source. As a result, it speeds up the glucose in the liver and skeletal muscle cells to form glycogen. Lastly, the insulin increases fat synthesis in the liver cells and adipose tissue. This process will cause the blood glucose concentration…

These free SCFAs are signaling molecules involved in various molecular processes, such as regulation of energy metabolism (Delzenne, Nathalie M., 2011). Free SCFAs link gut dysbiosis to adipose tissue development through activation of pathways like gene-protein coupled receptor 43 (GPR43), which is activated by acetate and propionate. GPR43 is involved in the inhibition of lipolysis and to the adipocyte differentiation (Delzenne, Nathalie M…

Skin A third-degree skin burn extends through the entire epidermis, dermis and hypodermis, but leaves the underlying muscle and bone tissue in a functional state. Skin is made up of three layers: the epidermis, dermis and hypodermis. The epidermis is ectodermal in origin. It is relatively void of ECM except for the basal membrane and has a distinctive keratinized layer produced by keratinocytes. Other artifacts of the epidermis include melanocytes, hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and sweat…

Inc., California, USA. The kit utilizing a monoclonal anti- PPAR-γ antibody and an PPAR-γ-HRP conjugate enzyme-linked immunosorbent process assay (ELISA) to determine the concentration of PPAR-γ in serum, plasma, urine, cell culture supernatant and tissue homogenates. Principle of the assay: The sample and buffer have been pre-coated with PPAR-γ-HRP conjugate. then incubation is carried out, followed by washing to remove the uncombined enzyme. Upon adding substrate for HRP enzyme, the color of…

Fatty acid starvation of islet tissue triggered deficiency of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, a progression quickly reversible by addition of exogenous free fatty acids (Stein et al., 1996). In contrast, elevated free fatty acid supply increased glucose-stimulated insulin secretion…

The nature versus nurture argument is, and has been, one of the most hotly debated topics in modern science for decades. The argument of whether humans start out as a “blank slate” or Tabula Rasa, as opposed to being predisposed with certain environmental effects out of their control transcends even natural science and enters into the realms of philosophy and psychology. It is nearly undeniable that the ideas of Mendelian inheritance are sound theories, yet the argument for…

Title: Choosing the Knife, OBESITY or IBD? Another Case of Crohn’s Following Roux En-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery! INTRODUCTION Bariatric surgery increases the incidence of gastrointestinal (GI) complications, including acid reflux (GERD), malabsorption, gastric ulcers and chronic diarrhea. Literature indicates few cases of patients being diagnosed with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) after bariatric surgery. The mechanisms are not well understood, however several hypotheses have emerged. CASE A…

Thirty-eight to 88% of women with PCOS are overweight or obese (Balen, A. H. 1995; Legro, R. S. 2000). Hyperandrogenism in PCOS patients influences the pathophysiology of adipose tissue, because excess androgen facilitates the deposition of abdominal visceral fat in human and animal models (Xita and Tsatsoulis, 2006). Adipose tissue is considered as an active endocrine organ that secretes hormones, growth factors, cytokines, adipokines and other molecules, and also participates in a large number…