Adipose tissue

administering biosynthetic growth hormone to elderly patients would increase lean body mass, decrease adipose tissue, and thicken the skin. To begin the experiment Dr. Rudman identified a baseline for his twenty-one subjects over six months by noting their IGF-1 levels, insulin like growth hormone factor (an indirect measurement of growth hormone from the liver) and baseline values for body mass, adipose tissue mass, bone density, and skin thickness. After six months of injecting growth hormone…

glucose tolerance and frank diabetes [2]. Glucocorticoids also cause changes in fat distribution favouring accumulation of central (visceral) fat at the expense of subcutaneous adipose tissue. Traditionally it has been thought that these adverse effects were mediated by direct effects of glucocorticoids on adipose tissue or…

The Leptin receptor, Ob-R, is a member of the class-1 cytokine 25 receptor family and was originally demonstrated in hypothalamic neurons. In animal studies, the main role of leptin seems to be prevention of lipid accumulation in non-adipose sites, such as the myocardium, skeletal muscle, pancreas, and liver. Initially leptin was characterized as a regulator of body weight and energy expenditure. In NASH patients serum leptin levels are increased compared with gender and BMI matched controls…

Different tissues in our body can cross-talk during fasting and fed state via hormonal regulation. Two major hormones, insulin and glucagon, play an important role in regulating metabolic homeostasis by inducing different responses from tissues such as liver, adipose tissue, and muscle. During fed state, insulin promotes glucose uptake in the muscle and adipose tissue and stimulates glycogen and fatty acid synthesis in the liver. At the same time, it inhibits lipolysis and hepatic glycogenolysis…

insufficient production of the hormone insulin from the beta cells of the pancreas or the body’s resistance to its effects. This means that insulin-sensitive peripheral tissues have a decreased ability to respond to the hormone action (Xu et al. 2003). Over time, this results in elevated blood glucose (hyperglycaemia) as the muscle, adipose and liver cells cannot utilise glucose as a source of energy (Sizer and Whitney, 2008). If the disease…

Ultrasound can alter adipose tissue with both micromechanical disruption and cavitation. Cavitation in ultrasound is a construction and collapse of millions of minute bubbles in a liquid; an alternation of frequencies causes cavitation. The frequency used in this specific type of ultrasound is called resonance frequency which is reliant on the tissue and its surrounding environment (Zoccali, Cinque, Orsini, Palumbo, Scandura, Miconi,…

Hormones By: Taylor Aubin Organs and tissues that make up the endocrine system are the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, thymus, suprarenal glands, pineal gland, parathyroid glands, heart, kidneys, adipose tissue, digestive tract, pancreas, and gonads. The effects of the endocrine system are vast and impact almost every organ and cell of the body. This system produces hormones that help maintain homeostasis through the regulation of metabolism, growth, tissue function, sleep,…

In order for a synovial joint to perform its best it works as a team. After all we know that when you work with a team things get done a lot more efficiently and less work gets put on one single person. In this case the synovial joint is surrounded by the following structures: Tendons which attach our muscles to the bone, ligaments which attach bone to bone, Bursae, which are small sacs of extra synovial fluid that provide extra cushion and protection to the synovial joint. These structures help…

can dissovle into adipose tissue. As a result, the drug concentration in the bloodstream of children is higher than that in the adults even with the same dosage. More drugs distribute to the tissues in children, so the dosage of children should be lower to prevent overdose. In this case, Prince applied a high dosage of Fentanyl, but his fat tissues are too little for Fentanyl to dissolve into it. Hiigh concentration of Fentanyl stays in the bloodstream and enters body tissues. This results in…

Adiponectin is mainly produced in fat tissue but other studies have shown it to be expressed in mRNA and protein levels in different tissues like osteoblasts in humans and murine (Berner et al., 2004), parenchymal cells in the liver (Yoda-Murakami et al., 2001; Jonsson et al., 2005; Kaser et al., 2005), myocytes (Delaigle et al., 2004), epithelial cells (Shimada et al., 2004; Patel et al., 2008), and placental tissue (Caminos et al., 2005; Chen et al., 2006). Adipose tissue used to be thought of…