Adenosine

Year 10 Research Task – Genetics and Evolution Gene Therapy What is Gene Therapy? ‘Therapeutic gene therapy’ is an experimental technique that uses genes to treat or prevent disease. Inheriting faulty genes causes a wide range of conditions, including cystic fibrosis and haemophilia, and may cause susceptibility to some cancers. It is an experimental technique with aims to rid genetic conditions at their source. Several approaches are being tested - - Replacement of a mutated gene with a working…

Severe Combined Immune Deficiency as described by the immune deficiency foundation, is a “cellular immunodeficiency and a potentially fatal primary immunodeficiency in which there is combined absence of T-lymphocyte and B-lymphocyte function” (Immune Deficiency Foundation IDF, 2016). The lymphatic system comprises of organs and tissue that produce immune cells and one of their main functions is to confer immunity to every part of the body. The function of the T-lymphocyte and B-lymphocyte in the…

Sleep The topic I chose to write about is sleep because I think that sleep plays a significant role in a person's health and could be a beneficial topic to read about. Sleep is a naturally recurring state of mind characterized by different consciousness, relatively self-conscious sensory activity, inhibition of nearly all voluntary muscles, and reduced interactions with surrounding. Mammalian sleep occurs in repeating periods, in which the body interchanges in two highly distinct modes known as…

Methotrexate is a drug used to treat cancer, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and to induce miscarriage in women who have had ectopic pregnancies. Question 1: Pharmacokinetics describes how the body affects a certain type of drug after administration through absorption, metabolism, distribution and excretion while travelling throughout the body. Absorption Absorption is defined as the movement of a drug through the bloodstream. Absorption of a drug is affected by the solubility of the…

2). “Caffeine in small doses blocks the inhibitory adenosine receptors in the brain which increases behavior in the nervous system by multiplying interactions with dopamine receptors in dopamine-rich brain regions” (Fredholm, Battig, Nehlig, & Zvartau, 1999; Garrett & Griffiths, 1997; Childs, Hohoff, Deckert…

Cardiac muscle contractions and insulin induced CD36-mediated LCFA uptake and GLUT4-mediated glucose uptake both use different signaling pathways. With insulin it activates phosphatidyl-inositol-3 (PI-3) and cellular contractions activates 5 prime adenosine monophosphate kinase (AMPK). Substrate uptake induced by insulin is additive to contraction-induced substrate uptake. They found that both CD36 and GLUT4 reside in similar intracellular storage compartments as found when they identified GLUT4…

contributes to fructosaemia (bioche). Another consequence of fructose-1-phosphate accumulation is the reduction of intracellular inorganic phosphate because inorganic phosphate is trapped in fructose-1-phosphate (HFI). An allosteric activation of adenosine deaminase triggered by the depleted inorganic phosphate concentration breaks down purine nucleotides to uric acid, and the accumulation of uric acid then causes hyperuricaemia (HFI). Another consequence of the depletion of inorganic phosphate…

Neurodegenerative diseases are distinguished by progressive neuronal cell loss with clear patterns in disparate disorders such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson and Huntington’s. They are responsible for around 4% of fatalities worldwide and 5% of disability-adjusted life years from a non-communicable disease (NCD). Neurodegenerative disorders are not only caused by genetics but protein misfolding disorders and protein degradation by the proteasome system. These disorders continue to increase as well as…

1. What clinical findings are likely in R.S. as a consequence of his COPD B? There are multiple types of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), COPD “characterized by chronic and recurrent obstruction of airflow in the pulmonary airways (Porth & Matfin, 2009). The recurrent obstruction makes it difficult for a person to breath overtime this problem occurs in the lower respiratory tract. COPD compromises the flow of air in the lungs this causes less oxygen that is being circulated…

The proximate composition of purple soymilk (Table 1) is not much different from that of yellow soymilk. Purple soymilk has protein, ash, fat, carbohydrate and moisture content 2.76 ± 0.13, 0.12 ± 0.08, 1.17 ± 0.06, 1.27 ± 0.10, and 94.69 ± 0.04% respectively, while yellow soymilk from Tunde-Akintunde and Souley [35] has a protein content of 2.23-3.05%, ash content of 0.24-0.32%, fat content of 1.60-1.94%, carbohydrate content of 1.99-2.78% and moisture content of 92.02-93.29%. Black soybean…