Adenosine

Presenting History: Eliot is a 74 year old male presented to the clinic with complaints of frequent nose bleeds and several bruises on the body. He is also complaining of runny nose, cough, head and chest congestion. He has a history of atrial fibrillation and is on warfarin 7mg PO daily. As he experiencing heart burn, he started to take over the counter cimetidine for last three weeks. His physical examination shows, blood pressure 180/95, irregular heart rhythm with a heart rate of 75 and he…

on a daily basis, are not in their normal state of consciousness. Caffeine works by stimulating the brain and once consumed takes about 45 minutes for the caffeine to be absorbed and affect the body and brain. It is said that caffeine resembles adenosine which is found in human cells. With the abundance of caffeine in the bloodstream this creates a caffeine high and stimulates the body and…

68.9% of high school scholars do not get the recommended amount of sleep on an average school night. High school students remain exhausted because of waking up every weekday at 5am, just to go to school. Student’s can’t concentrate and manage a healthy lifestyle to obtain an education if the scholar is half awake. The constant need for electronic devices to be used is one reason for the lack of sleep in teenagers. Personally you can witness when students come into class to put their head down…

inward to form layers. Mitochondria are made of two membranes in the outer membrane covers the organelle and contain its skin as the inner membrane folds over many times and create layered structures. The energy made is called ATP. ATP stands for adenosine triphosphate. It’s a single nucleotide with two extra energy storing phosphate groups. When food molecules are broken down inside cells, some of the energy in the molecules is stored temporarily in ATP. Cells need a steady supply of ATP to…

respiration. Physiology defines respiration as movement of air, more specifically oxygen, from the environment to the cells in the body. Biochemistry defines respiration as the metabolic process by which cells utilize glucose and oxygen to produce Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP). Inspiration, which is an active part of respiration, is initiated by the respiratory control center in medulla oblongata. Nerve impulses from medulla oblongata causes diaphragm and the external intercostal muscles to…

6. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION 6.1 SUMMARY The current study deals mainly with phytochemical and pharmacological investigation of traditionally used medicinal plant Enicostemma littorale Blume. A perusal of the literature revealed that only fragmental information was available on this plant species regarding cytoprotective potential and immunohistochemistry. In addition the exact molecular mechanism of action of this plant species active compound swertiamarin is unknown and remote. Hence this study…

protein that is responsible for increasing levels of inositol triphosphate (IP3) and cytosolic calcium (Hoyer, Hannon and Martin, 2002), both of these acting a second messenger systems. 5-HT4 is coupled to a Gs protein receptor that increases cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) (Hoyer, Hannon and Martin, 2002), which acts as a second messenger. The second messengers lead to further configuration changes and are responsible for…

The body and roles of the organ systems are interlinked; together they work in maintaining homeostasis. In the event of arduous or prolonged exercise, such as running a marathon. The body’s systems such as the, digestive, musculoskeletal, respiratory and circulatory, must work together to meet the demands placed upon the runner’s body. Firstly, the process of the digestive system can be broken down into four sections, ingestion, digestion, absorption and assimilation (Toole, Toole and Toole,…

What is Gene therapy? Gene therapy is the process of supplementing or replacing a gene in order to treat a medical condition. This type of therapy allows the body to make the protein that is not being made by the missing or malfunctioning gene. Introduction of new genes through vectors overrides the malfunctioning gene and contributes to normal functioning of the body. The process begins when the modified DNA is inserted into a virus vector. Then, the vector binds to the cell membrane. After the…

plasmalemmal transporter-mediated reuptake of a neurotransmitter from the synapse into the pre-synaptic neuron, resulting in more stimulation from neurotransmitters. In other words, caffeine impedes neurotransmitters from binding to their receptors (adenosine, for example, which is believed to play an important role in sleep), increasing brain activity since more neurotransmitters are being…