Adenosine triphosphate

1. Glycolysis a. Indicate at what stage the compound is officially no longer a sugar, and why? The compound is no longer a sugar is at stage five. This is because the fructose 1,6 bisphosphate in stage four, breaks down from a six carbon sugar to two, three carbon molecules. The first one being dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) and the other being glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P). b. Indicate how the glucose enters the cell The glucose enters the cell through facilitated diffusion because…

Cellular respiration and photosynthesis are a complementary process reaction. Their reactions tend to be the same just in reverse. While cellular respiration starts off with glucose and oxygen and ends with carbon dioxide and water, photosynthesis begins with carbon dioxide and water and ends with oxygen and glucose. The purpose for cellular respiration is to convert the energy stored in glucose into ATP and photosynthesis to convert water and carbon into glucose. To begin with cellular…

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Prior to capture the P.putida behavior in metabolic modelling experiments, Growth and productivity level of PHAs in Pseudomonas putida was assessed by various types of carbon sources in shake flask and batch cultivation. In the PHA production process, productivity level is influenced by the availability and types of carbon source Production of PHA in shake flask condition Shake flask cultivation of P.putida was carried out with various types of carbon sources.…

Touch football is a physically demanding sport requiring the extensive use of many systems of the body. It is important for an athlete to properly train and develop these energy systems to perform to their highest potential. I have constructed a training program in order to develop upon my two weakest areas, muscular power and the combination of speed and agility. The average to poor results I received during fitness testing reflected my performance in the vertical jump test, 40m sprint, and the…

Cellular respiration is “the catabolic pathways of aerobic and anaerobic respiration, which break down organic molecules and use an electron transport chain for the production of ATP” (Campbell G-6). The chemical equation for cellular respiration is C6H12O6+6O2→6CO2+6H2O+energy. During that multi-step process, organic molecules are oxidized and catabolized down to carbon dioxide. The energy that is released during this breakdown is captured by the electron carriers, which is any of various…

P450-GloTM bioluminescent CYP assay Three concentrations of PTV (1, 10, 100 µM) were conducted to detect the luciferin PPXE activity against recombinant CYP3A4 and CYP3A5. A significant decrease in the luminescene activity in both recombinant CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 was observed in 10 µM and 100 µM of PTV (Fig 1). It seems that PTV is a candidate drug for metabolism against CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 enzymes. Metabolite profiling and Identification After incubating PTV with HLMs in the presence of a NADPH…

to pump out protons (H+) for cellular respiration. An enzyme called ATP synthase provided protons energy to make ATP. Protons can only go through ATP synthase in a controlled way to go to the matrix of a mitochondria. ATP synthase makes ATP from adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and inorganic phosphate (Pi). In a process called oxidative phosphorylation, ATP is formed as a result of transfer of electrons from NADH and FADH2 to O2 by a series of electron carriers. Together, electron transport chain…

The article “ When Did Photosynthesis Emerge on Earth?” was written by the principal investigator of the Ames Research Center team of the NASA Astrobiology Institute, David Des Marais. His experience has led him to publish more than 160 technical articles and chapters on many research topics such as the biogeochemical carbon cycle and the early evolution of the Earth and its biosphere. In this particular article, Des Marais establishes that life dates back to 3800 years ago and that not only…

Methods Each trial consisted of isolating the hearts of two mice, aged anywhere between 8-15 weeks, with the strain FVB/NJ of the Mus genus. Eight trials were conducted throughout the duration of the experiment. No female mice were used for any of the trials because because the research in the lab concentrates on males, due to known differences in protein expression among the two sexes. The effect of the VU591 drug on mitochondrial KATP function in wildtype mice was measured by calculating the…

All living things need to go through cellular respiration to convert sugars into energy. While this process usually involves oxygen, a type of respiration called fermentation does not (which is why it�s also called anaerobic respiration). Humans have long known about fermentation for use in bread and beverages, but have recently harnessed this for making fuel. One of the products of fermentation is ethanol, a kind of alcohol. Another is CO2, which can be measured to determine the rate of yeast…