Adenosine receptor

The mitogen-activated protein kinase, or MAPK, pathway is a chain of proteins in the cell that relays an extracellular signal from the Ras protein to the DNA in the nucleus of the cell. This pathway consists of multiple phosphorylations as MAPKKK phosphorylates and activates MAPKK which then phosphorylates and activates MAPK. At the end of this cascade, MAPK phosphorylates various effector proteins (Alberts, 557). This signaling pathway plays an important role in cells as it results in complex…

The two major processes that drive the normal functioning of the carbon cycle are photosynthesis and cellular respiration. Photosynthesis is the metabolic pathway that takes raw materials and converts it to sugar. Photosynthesis takes place in the leaves, specifically in the chloroplasts of the cells of plants. Photosynthesis also occurs in plants, green protista, and prokaryotes. There are two phases in photosynthesis, the light dependent and the light independent reactions. Cellular…

Fermentation Rate in Different Sugars Abstract: This experiment is designed by students after studying the process of cellular respiration and fermentation. It demonstrates students’ understanding over the materials and utilization of the lab setting. In this experiment, the primary focus will on the speed of fermentation in different substances (sugars) in the same condition (temperature, volume, amount of yeast). Each solution will be mix with a fix amount of yeast and put in fermentation tube…

5.0 Discussion 5.1 Adenosine Triphosphate System In touch football there are three systems used throughout the duration of the game these are the ATP system (Adenosine Triphosphate), the Lactic Acid system (anaerobic glycolysis) and the final system the Aerobic system. ATP doesn’t exist in the muscles and tissues waiting to supply abundant amounts of energy (Hede, Russell and Weatherby), ATP is a chain consisting of three phosphate groups. To produce energy the phosphate chain breaks and one…

9.1 Catabolic pathways yield energy by oxidizing organic fuels Catabolic pathways and production of ATP Fermentation - occurs without O2, is partial degradation of sugars to release energy Aerobic respiration - uses O2 in breakdown of glucose (or other energy-rich organic compounds) to yield CO2 and H2O and release energy as ATP and heat Of some prokaryotes - doesn’t use O2 as a reactant but it 's a similar process Cellular respiration - usually used to refer to aerobic process Is…

Sensitivity of Cancerous C.elegans with Mitochondria Dysfunction Mitophagy is a selective autophagic elimination of damaged or excessive mitochondria, especially when cells are under adverse stress. Mitophagy has been identified as the cause of various human diseases and even cancer. In recent years, researchers gradually regard mitophagy as the target for cancer treatment, although the role of mitophagy in the developmental and metabolic process of cancer is still not clear. In this…

The researchers used two groups of rats: one fed the ketogenic diet regimen and the other a control diet. They found that chronic ketosis resulted in the increased production of mitochondrial proteins as well as proteins associated with oxidative phosphorylation, the cells primary mechanism for producing ATP. The researchers used electron micrographs from the dentate-hilar region of the hippocampus, and visually analyzed the micrographs from ketogenic diet fed rats and control diet fed rats.…

Cellular Respiration takes place on the level of the cell, inside the mitochondria. This is the process of breaking down food in the presence of oxygen to form ATP. ATP stands for Adenosine Triphosphate which is an energy bearing molecule found in all living cells1. Things such as bacteria can perform this with their outer membranes. When a person runs, they use cellular respiration to create energy in the form of ATP which allows their muscles to move. Many other energy-consuming reactions of…

Question and Hypothesis Experiment I Eukaryotic cells contain several membrane-bound organelles. Plant cells are a specific type of eukaryote that are both aerobic and photosynthetic. Because of this, they contain mitochondria that serve a vital role in aerobic respiration that follows photosynthesis. The enzyme succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) is an enzyme associated with the Citric Acid Cycle that takes place in the mitochondrial matrix. SDH serves as a catalyst for a reaction in which succinate…

electron in the conjugated double-bond system of each molecule is raised from ground state to an excited, higher energy state.” That basically means that the pigments absorb sunlight which creates energy for the plant. This energy is in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The ranging presence of…