Adenosine diphosphate

The process of carbohydrate absorption after consuming food happens in a variety of pathways within the body. The first step to absorption is the process of digestion. This process begins in the mouth. Here, the enzyme a-amylase breaks down the food through the saliva. The process then moves to the small intestine where the digestion products are then absorbed through the intestinal wall into the blood stream and then moved across to other body cells. This then forms glucose and the disaccharide…

Chloroplast are found in plants, they are responsible for the metabolism of energy to produce food for plants by breaking down Carbon dioxide, water and sunlight through a process called Photosynthesis. Once Carbon Dioxide enters a plant through stomata pores in a plant, water is absorbed through the roots of a plant and sunlight captured by chlorophyll pigments inside the chloroplast which is actually inside the thylakoids. It 's the russian doll complex., it is within the chloroplast that…

What is Lipitor? Lipitor is a brand name for drug atorvastatin, which is a newer selective and competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme (HMG-CoA) reductase that belongs to a group of drugs known as statins. Atorvastatin was synthesized in 1985 and its development was mostly based on molecular comparisons of fungal metabolites and other synthetic inhibitors. Atorvastatin is approved for the reduction of elevated total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, apo B and triglyceride…

The Effect of Light Intensity on the Rate of Photosynthesis of Elodea in the Aquarium Aim The aim of this experiment was to investigate the relation between the light intensity and photosynthesis rate of Elodea in an aquarium using a simulator. Background Photosynthesis is metabolic pathway in which plants use carbon dioxide and water to produce glucose by the aid of light energy from the sun. Light energy is usually absorbed by chlorophyll; a green pigment in plants. The equation of…

Fermentation is the process of anaerobic respiration of yeasts in the absent of oxygen. The enzymes in the yeast assist the breaking down of the glucose and released alcohol and carbon dioxide. The producing of carbon dioxide means fermentation is taking place. It can be affected by such as temperature and pH level. Some organisms use fermentation to produce ATP without oxygen. According to the graph above, the class results trend supported the hypothesis, as the yeast concentration…

Adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) is a mitochondrial lipid dependent membrane bound enzyme and principle donor of free energy in the living system. Any alteration in membrane lipids leads to changes in membrane fluidity, which in turn alters the ATPase activity and cellular function. The use of ATPase level measurement was considered as an appropriate index of membrane damage. Pathological processes that interfere with the production of ATP may interfere with sodium pump activity, which in turn…

The process of photosynthesis is composed of two phases: light-dependent reactions and the Calvin cycle. The first stage (light-dependent reactions) occurs in the thylakoid membrane, which absorbs light energy to create NADPH and a proton gradient used to power the synthesis of ATP. The latter occurs in the stroma, and results in carbon dioxide fixation. In this experiment, only the light-dependent reactions were studied. 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol (DCPIP) was used as an artificial…

Sterols in plants are almost completely derived from acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA). Acetyl-CoA is dimerized to acetoacetyl-CoA that then forms 3- hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) by a condensation reaction. HMG-CoA is reduced to mevalonic acid by 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGR), a rate-limiting step in human isoprenoid biosynthesis. HMGR over-expression in transgenic tobacco plants resulted in increased levels of total sterols, indicating that HMGR is a limiting enzyme…

10/11/15 Nick Roberts Period 6 Cellular Respiration Aerobic cellular respiration is a process in which our cells get energy in the form of ATP. This process has 3 major steps in order to function properly. These steps are Glycolysis, Citric Acid or Krebs Cycle, and the electric transport state. These steps each have an important role in our cells respiration cycle. The first step in the cycle is called Glycolysis. Glycolysis takes place in the cytosol or cytoplasm of a cell. For…

2.1 Microalgae. The term microalgae refer to the microscopic algae and the oxygenic photosynthetic bacteria, i.e. the cyanobacteria, formerly known as Cyanophyceae (Richmond 2004). The word algae represent a large group of different organisms from different phylogenetic groups, representing many taxonomic divisions. In general algae can be referred to as plant-like organisms that are usually photosynthetic and aquatic, but do not have true roots, stems, leaves, vascular tissue and have simple…