Acute toxicity

A bat wing on a x-ray refers to a pattern that shows bilateral perihilar shadowing or consolidation. This happens when pulmonary pressures are high normally and these shadows can be caused by pulmonary edema, pneumonia, inhalation injury or leukemia (Bell,2017). Kerley B lines on an X-ray are a horizontal line that is less than two centimeters long, normally are seen in the lower periphery and are parallel to other ones at the right angles of the pleura. Most frequently they are seen from the PA…

Specifications in Cosmetic Ingredients The toxicological specifications for cosmetic ingredients are (Pauwels & Rogiers, 2004): 1.Acute toxicity. 2.Irritation and corrosivity. 3.Skin sensitization. 4.Dermal/percutaneous absorption. 5.Repeated dose toxicity. 6.Mutagenicity/genotoxicity. 7.Carcinogenicity. 8.Reproductive toxicity. 9.Toxicokinetics. 10.Photo-induced toxicity. 11.Human data. These are all vital checkpoints for determining if a cosmetic product is suitable for sale and…

high-protein dietary supplements increase food intake in gastrointestinal and head-neck cancer patients who are going through radiation therapy. This includes groups that may or may not be receiving chemotherapy as well. In a previous study looking at the acute effects of radiotherapy in patients with colorectal…

is not functioning properly. 9. Enhanced elimination techniques that could be applied to this patient include hemodialysis, urinary alkalinization, or multiple dose activated charcoal (MDAC). Hemodialysis is used in severe cases of phenobarbital toxicity when the patient requires intubation and mechanical ventilation. Urinary alkalinization can increase the excretion of long acting barbiturates like phenobarbital. MDAC may be beneficial in this case because it can increase elimination of…

Development of Guillain-Barré Syndrome Guillain-Barré syndrome is an acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy that presents with ascending motor weakness, sensory abnormalities, and loss of reflexes. Guillain-Barré syndrome can be divided into 4 major clinically distinct forms: acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (AIDP), the Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS), acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN), and acute sensorimotor axonal neuropathy (AMSAN). There are a number of…

Why do people think that using animals for research is necessary? How can you kill animals all day? For many years, researchers have been using wild animals to test the safety of products for human benefits. Using wild animals for research and to test products has always been a national controversy topic for decades. Many people have animals for companions and others use it for experimental research. However, animals are being exploited by research companies and cosmetics facilities all cross…

painful, inhumane and there are several alternative testing methods. Many animals are killed every year in cruel and painful ways due to the toxicity of chemicals and poison. “Animals are forced to swallow or inhale massive quantities of a test substance or have a chemical smeared in their eyes or on their skin.” (PETA.org) Several tests include acute toxicity testing which is using a great…

toxicant and its toxicity primarily comes from its metabolism. Abused alcohol is the main cause of liver disease worldwide and alcoholic liver disease is high ranked among the major causes of morbidity and mortality in the world (Smathers et al. 2011), and every year, it affects millions of people. The liver is the first and primary target organ for alcohol metabolism (Lieber 1988). But, other organs, including the kidneys, brain, and lungs, may also be affected by alcohol toxicity (Guidot and…

Synthetic drugs are a common source of acute injury of the liver. Compared with 30 years ago, the average patient today was older, has more Co morbidity and is exposed to more diagnostic and therapeutic procedures with the potential to harm liver function. Drug Cisplatin (cis-diamminedichloroplatinum) shown to cause hepatotoxic, is an effective against solid tumors as an anti-tumor drug for the treatment of several human affected by cancer to exert their toxic effects by one or more common…

6. Are there certain concentrations that cause harm? What are they? Concentrations for adult rats. LD50 of BPA was 35.26 mg/kg according to NCBI. “Injection of lethal dose of BPA (40 mg/kg body weight) produced acute toxicity manifesting as immediate respiratory arrest and hypotension after the injection of BPA followed by bradycardia. The animals died within 7.3 +/- 0.7 min.”, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22734254. Honestly was too much work to find any good result from exposure to…