Acute toxicity

or drugs still have to be tested and is required by law. Tests begin with the acute toxicity test and it is used for the exploratory development of a brand new drug. Rodents are used for this test and they are used because this gives the researchers the minimum data necessary for comparisons on different species (Safety and Testing 1). The animals that are given a single dose of a compound is called the acute toxicity test. This test is used so the researchers can determine the safe dose or the…

This essay illustrates the classification of antagonists according to their characteristics. The classification of antagonists is divided into two main categories, receptor antagonists and non-receptor antagonists. In receptor antagonists, it would be divided into competitive antagonists and non-competitive antagonists. In non-receptor antagonists, divided into chemical antagonists and physiological antagonists. In different categories, there are different examples to support the feature of the…

reason that workplace hazards is important because of the toxic exposures. These agents have been associated with mutagenic, teratogenic, and carcinogenic effects as well as adverse effects such as irritation of the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes or acute allergic reactions ("Environmental Hazards for the Nurse as a Worker" 1995). For example, these can be things such as cancer drugs, just like those drugs do, the toxins get in to your body and slowly start breaking down until death. “Promote…

possible concern is that over 100 million animals- mice, rats, frogs, dogs, cats, rabbits, hamsters, guinea pigs, monkeys, fish, and birds- are used for research and experiments each year. These animals are forced to test poisoning for burning skin, toxicity testing, causing brain damage, and many other horrible tests. The innocent creatures are harmed and sometimes killed in the process. On the other hand, scientists are doing these many different types of tests to learn more about health…

Part B Q1. The normal dose of paracetamol is very safe to use and it is not over 4g per 24 hours; however, when the patient take more than 6g per 24 hours of paracetamol, the liver necrosis will happen within 10 to 12 hours and liver damage may occur within 24 to 48 hours. For the metabolism, most of the paracetamol is converted to nontoxic metabolites by the phase II conjugation of glucuronide and sulfate and a small amount of paracetamol is oxidized by the Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes in the…

A 70-year-old male patient develops a large anterior wall myocardial infarction. He is currently being managed with oxygen, aspirin, nitrates and a beta-blocker. He develops recurrent episodes of ventricular tachycardia and remains conscious however has dizzy spells and also becomes diaphoretic and hypotensive. An IV bolus of lidocaine is given followed by IV lidocaine infusion. • Which class of antiarrhythmics does lidocaine fall under? Lidocaine is a Class IB antiarrhythmic, fast sodium…

There isn’t an exact reason known why grapes and raisins may cause toxicity, so the safest thing to do is to avoid feeding them to pets. Garlic and Onions If eaten in large quantities, all members of the onion family can cause problems in cats and dogs. A small amount of garlic or onion in a sauce may not cause any problems…

depending on the level of toxcitiy at the site.The use of monitoring equitment allows the workers to know if they are exposed to high level toxins.When waste has been buried, it has to be dug or pumped out. Technicians use boring rigs, pumps, and toxicity test monitors.Sometimes they may also spend some of their time in laboratories running tests and interpreting data on toxins.This job can be dangerous but also benefiting in paid vacations,paid holidays,health insurance,and life…

New consumer products are developed everyday and then are sold to millions of people worldwide. How do the manufacturing companies make sure that these products are safe and ready to placed on the market for the population to use or consume? For the safety of the consumer these new products need to be tested. Some believe that it is necessary to test these new products on animals. It has been said that animal testing is not harmful to animals, but studies have shown that animal testing…

If the patient is not on any vestibulotoxic drugs such as anticonvulsants, furosemide, ethacrynic acid, anti-inflammatories, or inflammatories, vestibular disorder resulting from toxicity can be ruled out. Neurologic testing should be done to rule out neurological findings that could produce vertigo such as cerebellar disorders, multiple sclerosis, and vertebrobasilar disease (Towler,1984). If the person does not have tinnitus, or…