Acute toxicity

Toxicity is the levels of chemical which causes harm to organism. A median level toxicity, LD50 is the levels of chemical required to kill half the population on organisms. LD50 metrics is used to define toxicity and any level beyond this measure is considered lethal causing acute toxicity and mortality. At No observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) , there is no biologically or statically significant adverse effect of exposure on organism. The exposure level in minimum and the risk is acceptable…

Excess of catecholamine can cause direct myocardial toxicity or microvascular dysfunction. Emotional stressors have been described to include death, severe illness, or injury of a loved one, the receipt of bad news, a severe argument, an assault, public speaking, financial loss, a car accident, or natural…

It has not studied whether both these metals act on altering physiological functions or that zinc being an essential nutrient help in reducing stress caused due to lead toxicity. Zinc has an essential role in normal functioning of the body, has extensive medical importance and act as an important antioxidant.4-6 The toxicological effects of lead are evident in living organisms mostly on nervous system, respiratory system…

DBD blog: Addison's Disease in Dogs Research: http://www.petmd.com/dog/conditions/endocrine/c_dg_hypoadrenocorticism http://www.peteducation.com/article.cfm?c=2+2097&aid=520 Meta Description: Addison’s disease, or hypoadrenocorticism can affect dogs as well as humans. Here are the symptoms that you need to watch out for, and how it can be treated. Meta Key Words: Addison’s in dogs, Canine Addison’s, Canine Addison’s disease, Hypoadrenocorticism and dogs The Diagnosis and Treatment of Addison’s…

Figure 22. Relative mRNA expression in INS-1E cells after different chemicals treatment. Cells were treated with DHT, TCS and TCC for 48 h before RNA extraction for activity determination. Expression levels of the AR, pdx1, GK and Ins2 were determined by RT-QPCR and mRNA expression levels were normalized with TFIIB (A-D). DMSO treated samples were considered as control. Control samples were set as one and results are shown as mean ± S.E.M of duplicate samples from three independent experiments.…

in the environment, but their combined toxicity to humans and other organisms are not fully addressed. The data from epidemiological, animal and in vitro studies indicated the nature of interaction between PAHs and metals varies from synergism to additivity or antagonism. In this chapter, the combined toxicity of PAHs and metals on toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic endpoints, and possible mechanism of actions were discussed. In addition, the individual toxicity of PAHs and metals, their…

of the drug and they do not have any acute or chronic toxicity. The excipients are also added into the Nimodipine 0.02% solution to enhance the biological activity of the drug. Nimodipine is a yellow crystalline substance which is insoluble in water. Insoluble drugs have poor bio-availability and they may precipitate when given via an intravenous administration. However, there is a relatively simple solubilizing approach that can be used in…

- MANAGEMENT OF ACUTE SEVERE TOXICITY (MDX): Patients who present more than 36 hours (“late”) after acute acetaminophen ingestion may have significant liver injury and even liver failure (INR greater than 1.5, acidosis or encephalopathy). Intubate patients with altered mental status and resuscitate hypotensive patients with crystalloid and adrenergic vasopressors. Treat coagulopathic patients who are bleeding with fresh frozen plasma. Patients with renal failure may require renal replacement…

FLUCYTOSINE Also known as 5-flurocyrosine or 5-FC. It’s an antifungal drug that is usually formulated with amphotericin for wide range of medical uses, it can be used by mouth for treatment of infections that could be caused by Cryptococcus neoformans or perhaps candida. It could also be used in the treatment of chromblastomycosis (chronic fungal infection of subcutaneous tissue or skin). Because of its weak antifungal action it can’t be used alone for treatment of serious, life threatening…

accompanied by transplant rejection, which involves the recipient’s immune system recognizing the new organ as a foreign object, subsequently attacking it and destroying it. There are several different stages of transplant rejection including hyperacute, acute, and chronic rejection. Another type of rejection, called graft versus host disease (GVHD), can occur in patients with stem cell transplants. Due to this wide range of rejection, doctors have designed methods of suppressing the immune…