Actin

Unfavorable has a negative connotation, it conjures up thoughts of ‘bad” and “non-useful” processes, however as we have learned through the case studies of muscle contraction and photosynthesis, this is simply a misconception. For in the natural world a favorable or unfavorable reaction is not a single entity but is rather part of a coupled reaction that uses the two in tandem to continue the function of essential processes. This being said, and connotation aside, an unfavorable reaction is one…

There are billions of neurons in our brain that sends signals from the axon to the spinal cord. In the spinal cord the axon on will send signals to many neurons from other cells and then it will generate an order. The membrane potential is an electrical state of the cell membrane and it allows gradients that cause ions to move across the cell membrane. The dispersal of charge across the cell membrane is measured in (mV). The resting membrane potential is the difference between the charges…

β1 integrins (32, 64). Once these connections are established, the extracellular domain of ICAM5 is cleaved, disrupting the cytoplasmic actin cytoskeleton through to α-actinin or ERM (ezrin/radixin/moesin) proteins promoting reorganization to induce spine maturation (31-34, 34, 65, 66). Based on the role of ICAM5 in cell adhesion and its ability to alter the actin cytoskeleton, we propose that ICAM5 may play a role in structural organization of functional homotypic cell networks within the…

the myosin heads for binding to actin forming a cross-bridge and then the myosin head bends, which release ADP and phosphate. At the molecular level, Fox explains that the muscle filaments are composed of actin monomers in a…

myofibrils, which not only give the muscle its striated appearance but also are also composed of contractile proteins known as actin (thin filaments) and myosin (thick filaments). Each actin protein has a binding site for myosin, which is regulated by two proteins known as Tropomyosin and Troponin. Both of these regulator proteins inhibit the binding of myosin to actin by overlapping the binding sites in a confirmation that could be described as a ribbon (Tropomyosin) and a thumbtack (Troponin)…

The knee-jerk reflex is considered a stretch reflex and is often used by physicians to test how the nervous system is functioning. The knee-jerk reflex is tested by tapping the patellar tendon with the base of a rubber hammer. This results in the leg and foot extending upward in healthy individuals. The reflex is a response to the change in shape of the patellar tendon and quadriceps muscle. It does so to prevent damage to the muscle and ultimately the maintain homeostasis. There are a series…

Movements propagated by skeletal muscle both simple and complex also require interaction with nerve. The nerves and muscle work together to help us do out conscious task with ease. The purpose of this lab is to identify how changes in such variables will affect the properties of the muscle in a human flexor digitorium superficialis (FDS) and to extrapolate the nerve changes from a sciatic nerve of a frog. Neurons are excitable cells structural features such as dendrites, cell body and axon.…

Its causes are not fully known, but the gene is associated with the cancer. The overexpression of EHBP1 disrupts the cortical actin structures, and the depletion of EHBP1 inhibits endocytosis. EHBP1 interacts with P-Rex1, a protein that functions in guanine nucleotide exchange. P-Rex1 has been implicated in the spreading of cancer. EHBP1 proteins have been linked to PCa, or prostate…

of the body will no longer receive their oxygen which in turn stops aerobic respiration. In the muscle, actin and myosin filaments cause the contractions until ATP binds to myosin and detaches the actin and myosin from each other. Aerobic respiration is necessary to produce more ATP, but cannot occur once breathing and the heartbeat stop. The shortage of ATP would not allow the myosin and actin filaments to release from their contracted state, leaving the muscles to remain stiff and tense (Zhou,…

involved. The skeletal muscle, on the other hand, is a specialized tissue actively involved in the production of the tension force required in moving the skeletal system. The tension force in the tissue is produced due to the interactions between the actin and myosin.…