Acidosis

bands. The definition of sepsis is two out of the preceding four criteria, plus a present or suspected source of infection. Severe sepsis is diagnosed when the aforementioned are combined with end organ damage, as found by the presence of lactic acidosis, a systolic blood pressure less than 90, or a drop in blood pressure more than 40 mmHg from normal. Septic shock is the last and most severe category, defined as severe sepsis, with continuing hypotension despite an adequate level of fluid…

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease in which the body’s own immune system erroneously attacks the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans located in the pancreas that produce insulin, resulting in a high level of glucose in the blood. Insulin is needed to transport blood glucose (sugar) into cells. The sugar is then stored in the cells and used later for energy. “In these duties, insulin acts as a regulator of gene transcription” (Cox, 688). When beta cells produce too little or,…

Key Issues of Concern This is Mrs. H, a 70-year-old African American female presented to the clinic with complex health problems. Some of her problems include: hypertension, heart failure. Patient has genetic predisposition to some diseases like DM2, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension. This could be a contributing factor to her health problems. She has diabetes with an A1c of 8.5, this indicates that her diabetes is not within the normal range of less than 7% (National Guideline Clearinghouse,…

His current medications include metformin (Glucophage), insulin human regular (HumuLIN R), warfarin (Coumadin), furosemide (Lasix), carvedilol (Coreg), captopril (Capoten), potassium (KDur), thiamine (Thiamilate), multi-vitamin (One-A-Day), trazadone (Desyrel), moxifloxicin (Avelox), amiodarone (Cardarone), and a nitroglycerin patch (Nitro-Dur). The ECG revealed that the distal two thirds of the left ventricle were akinetic, and his cardiac catheterization revealed that he had an 80% occlusion…

Functions of the Kidneys The kidneys assist in the internal regulation of the body by performing the following function- * Filtration - The kidneys remove the end products of metabolism and substances that have accumulated in the blood in undesirable amounts during the filtration process. Substances removed from the blood include urea, creatinine, uric acid and urates. Undesirable amounts of chloride, potassium, sodium, and hydrogen ions are also filtered from the blood. The glomerular…

TERMINOLOGY CLINICAL CLARIFICATION Advanced stage of immunosuppression caused by the HIV virus 4 Characterized by abnormally low CD4+ T cell count {1 month in duration), or bronchitis, pneumonitis, or esophagitis Invasive cervical carcinoma confirmed by biopsy Lymphoma {Burkitt, immunoblastic, or primary central nervous system) Disseminated or extra pulmonary coccidioidomycosis Disseminated or extra pulmonary histoplasmosis Progressive multifocalleukoencephalopathy (PML) HIV-related…

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is identified as a metabolic disorder, directly involving the pancreas which has a chronic effect on the body in those who are diagnosed. The lack of insulin production and/or the body’s decreased ability to use insulin effectively is what leads to the disease process causing multiple body systems to undergo changes as a result (Shrivastava, 2013). DM can be classified into two categories: Type 1 or Type 2. The National Diabetes Statistics Report 2014, consensus that 29.1…

Past dental history and oral hygiene practices Ben regularly attended dental appointments with an oral health practitioner until three years prior to this consultation. He underwent orthodontic treatment to achieve space closure from missing upper lateral incisors in the upper arch and to relieve maxillary and mandibular crowding of teeth. 12 months prior to this consultation, fixed braces were removed and fixed lingual and palatal wire retainers were placed on the anterior teeth. Ben reports a…

marmorata, was hypotonic and showed poor sucking. Cardiovascular and respiratory examinations were normal and the complete blood count and serum biochemical analysis were normal. Analysis of arterial blood gases showed respiratory and metabolic acidosis (Bas et al 2014). After blood and urine culture samples were collected, the patient was diagnosed with sepsis and respiratory insufficiency. There was no sign of meningitis when a test was run on the neonates CSF. During the second hour of…

Cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) refers to the change in cerebral blood flow (CBF) in response to a vasoactive stimulus (Kety and Schmidt, 1948). Impaired CVR has been linked with many cerebral and cerebrovascular pathologies (Glodzik et al., 2013; Greenberg, 2006a; Han et al., 2008; Mandell et al., 2008c; Mikulis et al., 2005; Yezhuvath et al., 2012; Zhao et al., 2007), to study the effects of drugs on cerebral vasculature (Pattinson et al., 2007; St Lawrence et al., 2002) and also presurgical…