Acidosis

According to the ATI PowerPoint, “The pancreas and the liver are the main function supporters of insulin. The endocrine portion of the pancreas has about 1 million small glands and the islets of Langerhans, scattered through the organ” (ATI PowerPoint). There are two types of cells that are important to glucose controls, alpha and beta cells. The alpha cells produce glucagon, a hormone that causes the release of glucose from the cell storage sites whenever blood sugar levels are low. The Beta…

cardiovascular protection. Metformin itself is a non-nephrotoxic drug which was initially chosen as the safest hypoglycemic substance in chronic renal failure. However, its use has been limited in these patients because of the perceived risk of lactic acidosis (98).…

Factory farming causes mass amounts of pollution to our environment. Producing livestock requires many resources and produces a huge amount of waste at the same time. 55% of the water in the U.S goes towards animal agriculture, where as American homes only use about 5%. Deforestation, Speciesism, Environmental degradation, water waste, carbon foot prints, methane emissions, cruelty and suffering, health issues and our ethics are all put at risk when we consume animal products. Nearly three…

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is any group debilitating, progressive, and potentially fatal lung diseases that have increased resistance to air movement, prolongation of the expiratory phase of respiration, and loss of the normal elasticity of the lung (Ignatavicius & Workman, 2012). Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease includes emphysema and chronic bronchitis. Emphysema is when the air sacs of the lungs are damaged and enlarged. Chronic bronchitis is inflammation of the mucous…

Sarah Omar Med 2049 Acute Renal Failure Instructor Michelle Earixson-Lamothe 08-01-2014 Humans have two bean shaped organs located just below the rib cage, one on each side of our spine known as kidneys. Every single day kidneys filter about 120 to 150 quarts of blood and produces around 1 to 2 quarts of urine. These fist sized organs are very important because they help to prevent the buildup of wastes, regulate blood pressure, help our bones to stay strong, makes red blood cells, and…

Henry Williams is a 74 year old African American male. Mr. Williams was admitted to the hospital with an acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Mr. Williams has a past medical history of COPD, cardiovascular disease (CVD), asthma, hearing loss with use of hearing aids, hypertension (HTN), and hyperlipidemia. He smoked one pack per day for 50 years. He quit smoking about 6 years ago. Mr. Williams was sent to the emergency department (ED) by his primary care doctor,…

erythropoietin hormone decreases. This would show on the CBC test as a low red blood cell [RBC] count, otherwise known as anemia. Potassium may be higher and bicarbonate levels may be lower when you have CKD. This would usually lead to metabolic acidosis. Blood urea nitrogen [BUN] percentages will become elevated in kidney failure as urea accumulates into toxic levels. Urea is a byproduct of protein breakdown in the liver that your kidney is meant to filter out. The amount of proteinuria [excess…

However, this is unsuccessful. Because there isn’t enough glucose to keep up with the energy need, the brain falls back on lactic acid fermentation. This allows for an accumulation of lactate which can lead to more neuronal dysfunction by means of “acidosis, membrane damage, altered blood brain barrier permeability, and cerebral edema” (Giza and Hovda). The energy crisis caused by the need to regulate the neuronal membrane voltage most likely makes “the brain less able to respond adequately to a…

Case Summary Ms. Charles is a female who presented with a gradual onset of seemingly unrelated symptoms that progressively worsened throughout her life. As a child she developed multiple dental caries and periodontal disease. A few years later, she began having dry mouth symptoms; generalized myalgias and arthralgias; and chronic eye irritation and blepharitis, which did not respond to over-the-counter eye drops, allergy medications, or pain medications. She was evaluated by multiple physicians…

Review Questions # 5 2. Distinguish between autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive disorders and provide a couple examples of each. When dealing with genetic disorders its important to understand how they are inherited. There are two ways a child can inherited a genetic disorder from their parents. Autosomal dominant disorder is where one parent has a genetic disorder in which it has already manifested such as familial hypercholesterolaemia, marfan’s syndrome, and…