Acidosis

The patient was previously in alkalosis with a pH 8 and also in acidosis with a pH 5 but the pH has now stabilized at 7.45. The HCO3 was not available. The Base Excess (BE) normal value is -2 to +2, a base excess > +3 = metabolic alkalosis a base excess < -3 = metabolic acidosis (Globalrph.com, 2014), and this patient’s BE is +8.8, which means this patient is in metabolic alkalosis. DISCUSSION Hospital-acquired pneumonia…

1. Identify signs and symptoms of dehydration in pediatric patients. What are considered early signs and late signs? Some signs of dehydration in pediatric patients are: skin color that turns gray, and cold to touch, poor turgor, dry mucus membranes, absent of tear, elevated temperature, sunken eyeball, sunken fontanel, rapid pulse, rapid respiration, lethargic, irritable behavior and decrease urine output. Early signs of dehydration are: tachycardia, sunken fontanels; dry skin and mucus…

Chapter One Introduction 1.1. Introduction: Determining the nutritional status accurately in hemodialysis (HD) patients is one of the most difficult problems; because it depends on indirect methods as well as the accuracy of some nutritional markers are questionable (Chumlea, 2004). Patients with end-stage renal disease often experience malnutrition as a result of decreased dietary intake; inadequate dialysis; loss of nutrients into the dialysate; abnormal protein, carbohydrate, and lipid…

is the presessence of serum ketones. Beta hydroxybutarate is another test that can be performed and is actually a better measurement than ketones. It is also important to check serial BMPs. This is done for several reasons. One reason is the acidosis causes an efflux of potassium out of the cells leading to hyperglycemia. This hyperglycemia can lead to other complications such as cariac arrthymyias. Magnesium and phosphorus may also need to be replaced. It also also important to monitor…

The nurse will want to listen to see how loud the heart murmur is. Once she listens she will need to rate the murmur on a scale of 1 to 6, with 6 being the loudest. When listening to the murmur the nurse needs to note on what position on the heart the murmur is located. For example, is it on the back of the heart? She should listen to the pitch of the murmur. It is high, medium or low-pitched. What things affects the sounds. Does moving the infant or laying the infant in a certain position.…

Sepsis and What I Would Change from Current Practice Sepsis is one of the world's leading healthcare problems, which is more prevalent than cardiac arrest. The condition strikes approximately 30 million people worldwide annually. The majority of the victims either end up dying or suffering permeant health problems. The condition is still on record for claiming more lives compared to other deadly illnesses such as cancer, especially in less developed economies (Jawad, Luksic, & Rafnsson…

mild anion gap. When the accumulated ketones exceed the body 's capacity to extract them, they overflow into urine (ie, ketonuria). If the situation is not treated promptly, a greater accumulation of organic acids leads to frank clinical metabolic acidosis (ie, ketoacidosis), with a significant drop in pH and bicarbonate serum levels. Respiratory compensation for this acidotic condition results in rapid shallow breathing (Kussmaul respirations). Ketones/ketoacids/hydroxy acids, in particular,…

isocarboxazid, linezolid, phenelzine, procarbazine, selegiline transdermal, and tranylcypromine (Medscape, n.d.). Phentermine has many side effects and the most common include paresthesia, dry mouth, constipation, upper respiratory infection metabolic acidosis, headache, and nasopharyngitis (Medscape, n.d.). It is classified as a pregnancy category X and should not be taken during pregnancy (Medscape, n.d.). The mechanism of action for phentermine is that it is a sympathomimetic amine, which…

Bariatric surgery produces substantial durable weight loss and patients who undergo Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and adjustable gastric banding (AGB) procedures lose 62% and 47% of excess weight, respectively [1]. Bariatric treatment of obesity also attenuates or resolves comorbidities including diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and obstructive sleep apnea in greater than 60% of patients [2]. Despite significant improvement in weight and comorbid conditions, there is growing concern…

A shift to the right in which saturation of oxygen greatly decreases might indicate that a patient is either acidosis, has elevation of CO2 levels, or have increased 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) a by product of glucose metabolism. An example that may also lead to a shift to the right is when a person is undergoing heavy exercise. In this situation, the demand…