Acid

LSD, lysergic acid diethylamide, is an extremely potent hallucinogen and goes by many other names, such as, acid, blotters, trips, and many other nicknames. It was first created in the year 1938 and has been a well known drug since. The main effects of this drug cause hallucinations and trips. The drug LSD is manufactured from an ergot called lysergic acid. It was discovered in 1938 in a fungus that on rye and other grains. It is produced in crystalline form and then is mixed with excipients…

carboxylic acid for testing. Each group then synthesizes an unknown ester from a Fisher Esterification reaction of the given unknown. Once an ester product is obtained, 1H and 13C NMR, boiling point, and smell testes are run on the final product in order to identify all the given unknowns. Procedures The first step of this week’s lab was to mix 3mL of the unknown alcohol and 6mL of the unknown carboxylic acid in a microwave reaction vessel. To the mixture, 0.75mL of concentrated sulfuric acid…

The theoretical yield of acetylsalicylic acid in grams that should be obtained from the synthesis is 3.96 g. The closest experimental yield was obtained without using a catalyst for the reaction; with a yield of 3.67 g (93%) of crude acetylsalicylic acid and a yield of 3.39 g (86%) of recrystallized acetylsalicylic acid. These results are relatively accurate. Similar results were obtained for the experimental yield of the reaction catalysed by concentrated sodium hydroxide; with a yield of 3.38…

Determination of the Properties of Acids and Bases Using the Acetic Acid and Sodium Acetate Buffer System Purpose The purpose of this experiment was to explore some of the properties of the acetic acid and sodium acetate buffer system, such as the greatest buffering capacity and the acid and base neutralization ability of several different concentrations of this buffer. Reagents The reagents used were the following: 0.10 M acetic acid, 0.010 M acetic acid, 0.60 M acetic acid, 0.60 M sodium…

Submission Separation (Liquid-Liquid Extraction) Lab Summary The aim of this lab was to separate a mixture of aniline, benzoic acid, and 1,4-dimethoxybenzene by the method of extraction. In this experiment, 7 ml of the mixture was used instead of 10 ml. A portion of this mixture was transferred to another flask to facilitate cooling. Afterwards, 3.5 ml of 12 M hydrochloric acid was added gradually to the mixture. A sample was obtained at a melting point of 1250C, and another at 750C. A sample of…

Acid-Base Case study 1 The acid base balance of the body is mainly regulated by respiratory and renal system together with the body ‘buffer system. For the body to function normally, the hydrogen ion (H+) needs to be concentrated within a narrow range, represented as pH, which determines the acidity and alkalinity of a solution. Changes in the bicarbonate (HCO3) concentration causes metabolic acidosis or metabolic alkalosis while changes in the rate of alveolar ventilation and carbon dioxide…

Purpose: As derivatives of carboxylic acids, esters are abundant compounds that often contribute to the fragrances in flowers, fruits, and coffee. Esters are synthesized from either organic or inorganic acids through a process called esterification. In this reaction, a carboxylic acid (RCOOH) and an alcohol (R’OH) mix in the presence of a strong acid catalyst to form a neutral, water-insoluble ester (RCOO’R) that gives off a pleasant smell. The following is an example of this reaction: The…

You can use muscle building amino acids directly following your workout to help maximize your muscle gain. Read this article to discover what kinds of amino acids your body needs and when to take them. It’s amazing that so many bodybuilders know so little about amino acids considering how vital they are to overall health and muscle growth. Muscle building amino acids are what proteins are made out of; therefore they ultimately become part of your muscles and the rest of your body. They affect…

the “normal” range for the human body? If not, when was the pH value outside of the normal range, and what acid/base imbalance did this pH value indicate? No, acidosis occurred at 40 seconds when the pH dropped out of “normal” range to 7.29. 6. Did the PCO2 level change during the course of this run? If so, how? Yes, the Pco2 level elevated. 7. If you observed an acid/base imbalance during this run, how would you expect the renal system to compensate for this condition?…

Power Station Emission Aim: The aim of this experiment is to measure the mass of sulphur dioxide in 1m3 of flue gas (waste gas from burning fossil fuels in a power station). To achieve this aim, titration of an unknown solution of sulphuric acid (around 0.2-0.4 mol) and sodium carbonate (0.2 mol) using methyl orange as an indicator. 1. Introduction Fossil fuel is formed from decayed plants and animals that have been converted to crude oil, coal, natural gas, or heavy oils by exposure to…