Acid-base chemistry

ABSTRACT: Acid mine drainage has a prominent and damaging effect on the environment. This paper outlines the environmental impact, the chemistry behind the acid generation, and methods of treatment. The objective of this paper is to educate the reader about acid mine drainage, and what can be done to reduce this pollutant. INTRODUCTION/BACKGROUND: Acid mine drainage (AMD) often occurs at abandoned mining sites. Acid generation is the result of combining certain minerals, water, and an oxidant.…

Introduction: Acids and bases are often described using the Bronsted-Lowry theory which states that acids are proton donors, while bases are proton acceptors (Thorne, 78). This means that an acid has additional H+ ion(s) that can be given, whereas a base lacks these ions and will accept them. Acids and bases can further classified as strong or weak. A weak acid, such as HF, will not ionize completely, meaning that only some of the H+ ions will be lost. A strong acid will however, will release…

Methods: To begin, our group acquired three premade vials of .1ml mammal blood with coagulant. We then labeled the vials numbers one, two, and three. In vial number one we added 1 ml of Stock 300 mM NaCl, and no distilled water. This resulted in a NaCl concentration of 1.8 percent. In the second vial we added .5 ml of Stock 300 mM of NaCl, and .5 ml of distilled water. This resulted in a NaCl concentration of .9 percent. In the third vial we did not add any Stock 300 mM of NaCl, and 1 ml…

A range of concentrations (1nM to 30μM) of acetylcholine (Ach) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) was administered to organ bath containing rat ileum. Ach and 5-HT induced contractions from 3nM (Fig. 1) and 10nM (Fig. 2) onwards respectively, both generating a shallow slope at the beginning of the concentration-response curve. EC50 of Ach is 7.47 x 10-7M whereas EC50 of 5-HT is 7.97 x 10-7M. The contraction generated by Ach and 5-HT was expressed in % Emax. As shown in Fig. 1 and 2, % Emax…

In many cases a person can buy a lithium/compound of lithium, such as a mood stabilizing drug, from behind the counter (Pure Lithium). Also, chemistry/ science teachers buy lithium for labs in school.Some danger of lithium include its flammability , and when combined with certain elements, its toxins. However, every element comes with its dangers and risks. In conclusion, with all the benefits…

is a lot of chemistry involved. The various processes that a forensic procedure requires includes basic skills and knowledge from chemistry. Since chemistry and forensics are so closely related, many of the same concepts are used in each field. That is why it is important to go into more detail to see what type of chemistry has to deal with this. It is very rare that there is a forensics specialist investigating a crime scene without there being any type of chemistry involved. Chemistry is to…

Green chemistry principles were applied to multi-step synthesis reactions; these reactions included the bromination of trans-diphenylethylene, bromination of ethyl trans-cinnamate, and debromination of 1, 2-dibromo-1, 2-diphenylethane. These reactions featured a reflux set-up, which allowed the reactions to occur at higher temperatures and aided in the prevention of the evaporation of the solvent and the loss of product thereby increasing the efficiency of the reactions. Furthermore, the…

MSA University, faculty of pharmacy, Bio chemistry department. Course code PB301 Nucleotides Student name: ID: Under supervision of DR: Teaching assistant Structure Nucleic acids are polymers consist of units called nucleotides. These mononucleotide units react together by intermolecular dehydration reactions that create phosphate ester bonds. Those reactions are either, catalyzed or specialized enzymes. The nucleotide units are created by smaller types of components. Each nucleotide…

systems created to hold a constant pH balance. Blood has many components to help the body stay stable. the Body’s pH allows us to do everyday life without constantly being sick. A buffer is a mix of a weak acid and a conjugate base in a solution. They resist pH change when acids or bases are added to the solution. Blood is made up of red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets and plasma. Red blood cells help the body is carrying nutrients. Hemoglobin is the main component in blood and…

Steven Joseph Chem 111 Eli Munoz 3 October 2016 Chemistry Technical Abstract: The Copper Cycle Steven Joseph*, Christian Contreras Introduction: This experiment consisted of studying the copper cycle. Along with its overall significance to biological systems, reactions were done in order to test the types of reaction types associated with copper. In addition, vacuum filtration methods and detailed observations were taken on how copper reacts with different chemicals as it is constantly heated…