Acid-base chemistry

is controlled by the hypothalamus and pituitary gland by a buffering system. A buffer solution is used to maintain the pH at a safe acidity. “A buffer solution is an aqueous solution consisting of a mixture of a weak acid and its conjugate base or a weak base and its conjugate acid” (Boundless, 2010) Equation 1 – Generic Buffer Equation HA (aq) + H2O (l) --> H3O+(aq) + A-(aq) Note that equation 1 is reversible, and all equations that are reversible have to be at a state of.equilibrium.…

Dianne Termine Honors Chemistry Period 5 Group: 22 Topic: Dissolving Alka-Seltzer in Different Liquids Due Date: September 30, 2016 (2) Background Research The topic of this experiment is investigating and researching whether different properties in different types of liquids affect the amount of time it takes for an Alka-Seltzer to dissolve. The independent variable would be the amount of liquid being used to dissolve the Alka-Seltzer pill. The dependent variable would be the amount of…

ACID-BASE PROPERTIES OF SODIUM CHLORIDE, SODIUM FORMATE AND AMMONIUM CHLORIDE INTRODUCTION The objective of this experiment is to examine the definitive characteristics of acids and bases by investigating the characteristics of strong versus weak acids; more specifically, why these differences are important in the process of titrations. In this experiment, there are two titrations performed and measured the pH of one salt solution. This experiment includes a strong acid and strong base…

THEORY An acid is a proton (H+) donor A base is a proton (H+) acceptor EXPLANATION OF THE THEORY: Acids are proton donors and bases are proton acceptors. A hydrogen ion is the same thing as a proton since hydrogen consists of a proton and an electron. When hydrogen loses an electron all that is left is a proton. According to the Brønsted-Lowry theory of acids and bases, when an acid and a base react, a conjugate base and a conjugate acid will be produced. EXP: acid + base à conjugate acid+…

Chemistry is the study of atoms. Chemical scientists study what atoms are made of and how they connect. Atoms are the building blocks of matter. Atoms are made up of protons, neutrons and electrons. It was John Dalton who put forward his ideas and theories about atoms at the beginning of the 19th century: Dalton proposed that atoms were like tiny, hard balls (Absorb Learning, 2008). Then at the end of the 19th century JJ Thompson discovered the electron through an experiment. When JJ Thompson…

Concentration of Acetic Acid in Vinegar Nalebra Barnett, AAHCA, BSHA University of Central Oklahoma General Chemistry II Lab March 28, 2017 Dr. Lane Whitesell Lab 12. Concentration of Acetic Acid in Vinegar. This laboratory is to determine the concentration of acetic acid in vinegar using molarity and percent by mass of acetic acid in vinegar. This means, vinegar is a crucial solution of acetic acid (HC2H302) in water. Molarity (in mole/L), or mass percent expressed the…

bis-N-Boc carbamates S.37 (Sikehi et al., 2006). For guanosine compounds, the carbonyl group of the base moiety was also protected as its O-Boc enol carbonate (Figure X.X.X). Transient in situ O-silylation facilitated the preparation of bis-N-Boc nucleosides from unprotected sugars. This strategy allows the protection of nucleosides with a base-stable and acid-labile group suitable for the preparation of base-sensitive oligonucleotides as well as for further manipulation. However, the utility of…

Everything is made of atoms, which are the smallest representative parts of each of the ninety-two elements that occur in nature. Elements are either metals, such as iron, copper or calcium or non-metals such as carbon, oxygen or nitrogen. Chemistry is concerned with the way atoms link together to form molecules, which are the natural chemical units of matter. Molecules represent the smallest particle of a chemical compound which retains the characteristics and chemical properties of the…

The unknown base concentration of a sodium hydroxide solution can be determined by titration potassium hydrogen phthalate (KHP) with an unknown concentration of sodium hydroxide NaOH. The average molarity of NaOH determine by the moles and volume of the KHP and NaOH. (Eq 1). KHC8H4O4(aq) + NaOH(aq) = H2O(l) + NaKC8H4O4(aq) (Eq 1) The unknown concentration of white vinegar can be determined by the white vinegar with the known concentration of…

The directions said stop but I continued pouring the base because I wanted see how fast the analyte would turn pink in our titration lab. I was in awe trying to connect the bases and acids in my head to figure out what this lab meant exactly in my AP Chemistry class. Science has always fascinated me but when I decided to take this course, it was a whole new level. My chemistry teacher told me this course would be a challenge and it wasn't until I was in the course, that I realized he was…