Acetylcholine

For this lab report the class goal was to figure out if our dominate hand is stronger than our non-dominate hand. There are a few factors that come into play when measuring this, the first thing that is important to know is what a muscle is and how it works. According to Medicine net a muscle is “the tissue of the body which primarily functions as a source of power.” A muscle is also used for movement and keeping body parts in their right positions. There are 3 different types of muscles,…

Understanding the anatomical map of structures such as the phrenic nerve is vital for medical treatments. G.S. Muller Botha mapped the phrenic nerve and described her findings in The Anatomy of the Phrenic Nerve Termination and the Motor Innervation of the Diaphragm. Sleep apnea is a common disorder caused by under stimulation of the diaphragm from the phrenic nerve, O. Oldenburg and team described alternative treatments for the apnea in Effects of unilateral phrenic nerve stimulation on tidal…

Sasha Scanlon WCCC/ Spring Semester 2015 A&P II/ Matt S. The Effects of Varied Substances on a Daphnia’s Heart Rate. Introduction: The purpose of this experiment was to compare the resting heart rate of a Daphnia, to its heart rate after 5 different substances were tested on it: Aspirin, Nasal Spray, Alka Seltzer, Coffee and Tea. Daphnia’s are often used as an experimental animal in lab settings because they are small, have a short life span and are easily maintained,…

Myasthenia gravis is a neuromuscular disorder or autoimmune disorder. An autoimmune disorder occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks its own healthy tissue. Neuromuscular disorders involve the muscles and the nerves that control them. With myasthenia gravis, the body produces antibodies that block the muscle cells from receiving messages (neurotransmitters) from the nerve, which causes weakness of the voluntary muscles. Therefore, fewer receptors are available for stimulation, resulting…

Passive Forces in Limb Movements: Help or Hindrance Introduction Most animals are enabled to move because of contractions and relations of muscles. Vertebrates and invertebrates movement is initiated by a combination of both passive and active forces (Linke, Granzier and Kellermayer, 2003). Passive forces in muscles are forces that develop when an inactive muscle is stretched from its resting length in resistance of the induced stretch. Passive force in the limbs movement of both vertebrate and…

Alpha-actinin-3 is a protein that is encoded by the “athletic gene”, ACTN3, in humans. ACTN3 is located at the long arm of chromosome 11 and encodes for the expression of alpha-actinin-3 protein in fast glycolytic muscle fibers. Fast glycolytic fibers, or type IIb, are responsible for the generation of rapid forceful contractions. There are some individuals who do not have a working version of this gene, which causes the muscle protein to not be created. These individuals are said to have the…

One of the many diseases caused by faulty cell-to-cell communication is Alzheimer’s disease. This disease causes many cells in the brain to die. Therefore, as more and more of the cells die, it causes the brain to shrink. What causes the brain cells to die, which then causes the brain to contract, is the unusual twist of the protein called tau. Tau is a protein in the brain that delivers nutrients and other important elements to the brain cells. The effect of the twisted protein inhibits the…

In this essay I will talk about diseases that affect the nervous and the muscular system. For the nervous I had pit Dementia. Dementia is a syndrome that affects the brain, it starts in the memory, patient with this syndrome star by experience forcedness they cannot reminder where they place there keys, or become unfamiliar with their own homes. And for the muscular system I had pit Myasthenia Gravis. Myasthenia Gravis also known as MG was discovered in 1972. Myasthenia Gravis affect the muscle…

1. Potentially, how could caffeine work to enhance human performance? Researchers believe that caffeine affects central and peripheral sites during submaximal contractions of varying speeds. Central nervous system activity may be impacted, quieting the sensations of pain and effort. Increased supraspinal motor unit activation accompanied by greater sarcolemmal and fast twitch motor unit excitability may also be elicited.1 The peripheral effects are equally important and focus on intracellular…

Introduction Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) is condition in which there is too much of a protein called monoclonal protein, or M protein, in the blood. MGUS can cause there to be too many cells in your blood and not enough space for healthy cells. This condition increases your risk of cancer. What are the causes? The cause of this condition is not known. What increases the risk? You are more likely to develop this condition if: You are African American. You are 50…