Acetic anhydride

Magnesium (1.5 g) was stirred vigorously, to combat oxidation and pulverize the by-product magnesium sulfate, in a 250 mL round bottom flask for 5 to 10 minutes, then fit with reflux apparatus – including CaCl2 Drying Tube, 125 mL Dropping funnel, Claisen adapter, and thermometer adapter – and add anhydrous ethyl ether (40mL) through the dropping funnel. Bromobenzene (3mL) and Anhydrous Ethyl Ether (15mL) was added to the reaction flask through the dropping funnel dropwise and in halves. Reflux…

The results of the experiment were that the product created to determine the coefficients of the coordination complex, KaFeb(ox)c ∙ dH2O. On day 1, K2C2O4 ∙ H2O and FeCl3 ∙ 6H2O were mixed together forming a green solution (Figure 1). The green solution was set aside for 45 minutes in the dark to allow crystals to form (Figure 2). The crystals formed slowly at first, but then progressed along the way (Table 1). After the product rested in an ice bath, the solid crystalline product was filtered…

alcohol. 95% ethanol and glacial acetic acid are synthesized with the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid using Fischer Esterification method. It is a method which esters are obtained by refluxing the parent carboxylic acid with the appropriate alcohol with an acid catalyst. The equilibrium can be driven to completion by using an excess of either the alcohol or the carboxylic acid, or by removing the water as it forms. The reaction between ethanol and glacial acetic acid formed ethyl…

Based on the NMR tests that were run, the results were very consistent to the NMRs of isopentyl acetate. Based on these charts, we concluded that our unknown alcohol was isopentyl alcohol and the unknown carboxylic acid was acetic acid. The boiling point of the experimental product was 140.2°C, which supports the conclusion of isopentyl acetate because that has a boiling poing of 142°C. The main source of error for this week’s lab was leaving the product to dry for 2 full weeks…

In this experiment, a Grignard reagent, phenylmagnesium bromide, reacted with a ketone, acetophenone, to produce 1,1-diphenylethanol. The experimental product was relatively pure as its melting point was determined to be between 78 and 80.7°C. The value from literature suggests that the melting point is between 78 and 82°C (chemspider.com). However, the percent yield for this experiment was not very high, at only 57 percent. The low yield for this lab was most likely due to the low…

Four different were gathered from the IR spectroscopy to identify the nitrophenol. The first peak observed was a weak and broad at 3314.75 cm-1, which was corresponded to an alcohol group; therefore this peak must be corresponded to the O-H stretch of the phenol with a literature value that ranges from 3550-3500 cm-1 (Figure 5). The variance between the observed value, and the expected value can be due to the MHz of the IR spectrometer used. The second peak observed was a weak-medium, sharp and…

Research question How does red cabbage indicate the pH Level of different types of chemicals? Introduction A solution is a mixture of a soluble chemical dissolved in water. Think about the difference between salt water and tap water. The salt in the salt water has dissolved and the solution looks clear, but the salt is still there and will taste salty if you taste it. Because solutions are made with water, which is made of hydrogen and oxygen, the hydrogen in the water can make a solution…

The purpose of this lab was to perform the condensation of acetic acid with isopentyl alcohol in the presence of sulfuric acid. Isopentyl acetate was formed from this reaction and this compound has the distinct smell of bananas. This reaction is known as Fisher Esterification. From the final product, the final mass was used to calculate the percent yield. Finally, the IR spectrum was obtained from the final product in order to determine if the reaction went to completion or not. To a 5mL…

measure of the strength of an acid. If the value of Ka is high, the said acid s largely dissociated, making the acid strong. However, when the value of Ka is small, the little amount of acid is dissociated, making the acid weak. In the experiment, acetic acid (HOAc), is shown to have a computed Ka of 1.1148 x 10-5. It has a very little value meaning it is considered as a weak acid. Likewise, another measure of equilibrium, the solubility product constant (Ksp) was determined in the experiment.…

Observations: This experiment was divided into two parts: one part was to observe the properties of a single Alka Seltzer tablet and the second part was to find the percentage of CO2. In the first part of the experiment, the visible properties of Alka Seltzer were observed and recorded. Each Alka Seltzer contains the same three ingredients: 325 mg of Aspirin, 1000 mg of Citric Acid, and 1916 mg of Sodium Bicarbonate. Two of Alka Seltzer’s ingredients, Citric Acid and Sodium Bicarbonate (Baking…