Acetic anhydride

The previous lab that was conducted dealt with oxidation, which is referred to as a compound gaining oxygen or losing electrons (Wyman, 2015). This week’s lab consisted of a reaction that was the opposite of an oxidation and it is known as a reduction reaction. To be more specific a reduction reaction is when the reactant that is present gains electrons, which is response lowers the overall formal charge of the compound. For instance, if there are two hydrogen ions and each one has a positive…

After the mass of the crude product was measured, the recrystallization was done for more purification; the solution looked clear prior to it’s cooling to room temperature. After the solution cooled to the room temperature and vacuum filtration was done again on recrystallization product, the solution was a white shiny with crystalline solid appearance. The melting point of the Meta-Methyl nitrobenzoate product formed was at 76.2 ‐ 78°C. The appearances of the TLC for the crude product, starting…

Antiperspirant/deodorants are used to reduce underarm wetness and control body odor. These products are made by blending active ingredients with waxes, oils, and silicones and molding the mixture into stick form. Body odor is primarily generated in the area under the arms where there is a high concentration of sweat glands. While sweat from these glands is initially odorless, it contains natural oils, called lipids that provide a growth medium for bacteria living on the skin. These bacteria…

The major bottleneck for lipid extraction from the wet microalgae is the low extraction efficiency, because of the immiscibility of nonpolar organic solvents with water contained in wet microalgae {Yoo, 2012 #31} {Kim, 2013 #118}. Traditional method for lipid extraction from dry biomass uses a co-solvent system, which consist of a non-polar solvent and polar solvent {Halim, 2012 #7} {Kim, 2013 #118}. When the co-solvent system is directly applied to wet microalgal biomass, the microalgal cells…

Determining Value for Money of Different Brands of Vinegar Aim – To compare the amount of acetic acid found in two different brands of vinegar to see which is the most cost effective. Materials – • Apron • Safety Glasses • Hair Tie (If appropriate) • 50mL burette • 250mL conical flask • 2 x Beaker • Measuring Cylinder • Labels • Pencil • Standard solution of Sodium Hydroxide, NaOH(aq) • Two different brands of vinegar • Phenolphthalein Indicator • A clean white tile • Distilled water • Retort…

1:1 ratio, the moles of CH3COOH is also identified (mol CH3COOH = mol NaOH). Using the molar mass of CH3COOH, the mass of acetic acid can be calculated, and compared to the mass of the overall vinegar solution (Thorne 86-87). These values can be compared to the theoretical values which state that the equilibrium constant of acetic acid is 1.8 x 10-5, and the percent mass of acetic acid in vinegar is 5%. Calculations/Discussion: Recorded data: Concentration of standardized NaOH Solution:…

Zinc (Zn), iodine (I2), acetone (C3H6O), acetic acid (C2H4O2) and zinc iodide (ZnI2) were used to conduct this experiment in order to confirm the validity of the law of conservation of mass as well as to use Stoichiometry to calculate the reaction between zinc and iodine. There are some precautions that one must consider before handling and using these specific chemicals. All of the chemicals used impose at the minimal, hazard to skin and eyes. However, acetic acid in particular can be very…

Meta description: Potassium phosphate is a supplement that is used to treat or prevent hypophosphatemia. Potassium phosphate is an injection supplement used as a preventative in order to remedy low phosphorus in the blood. Overview Potassium phosphate is an intravenous injection used to prevent or treat hypophosphatemia, low phosphorus in the blood, through the use of a concentrated solution mixture of monobasic and dibasic potassium. Phosphorus occurs naturally in every cell in the body and…

Temperature of Water vs. Time it Takes for Alka Seltzer Tablet to Dissolve Lab 7th Grade Question: What is the effect of the temperature of the water on the time it takes for an alka seltzer tablet to dissolve in water? Intro: This lab represents a parts of the rock cycle when rocks fall into water over thousands of years they become smaller and are in more pieces this is called weathering. But, not all water is the same temperature. For example rivers are moving so they will be colder…

Section Two - Oral Liquid Formulations (1) Characteristics of Suspensions: The oral liquid dosage form chosen to formulate was that of a suspension. Given the criteria of Drug Y it was thought best to formulate the drug as a suspension. Suspensions can be defined as ''a class of materials in which one phase, a solid, is dispersed in a second phase, generally a liquid.'' (1) There are many characteristics of suspensions that are relevant when formulating such a dosage form. They are as follows;…