Acetic anhydride

Part A: Background Information Acids and bases are very common in today’s society, and they can be found in most households. Acids can be found as by-products of air pollution, concrete cleaner, food flavouring and is produced by the muscle. Bases are found in most cleaning products as ammonia or sodium hydroxide, and they also treat indigestion. There are many ways that acids and bases can be defined by their chemical properties. The Bronsted-Lowry definition states that acids are proton…

Determining Percent Composition of Unknown Copper Ore Sample Iodine-thiosulfate Method: An Analytical Method The objective of this experiment is to eliminate all interfering species from a sample of unknown copper ore in order to later determine pure copper content. Copper ore can be found in a mineral that contains pure copper and other species that is mined and can later have copper extracted from them (Taher, 1999). To eliminate all interfering species, such as Iron, Arsenic, and…

This study involves the use of redox titration to determine the amount of oxalic acid in the sample solution. The analyte solution containing oxalic acid was added with sulfuric acid and heated prior to the titration with permanganate. The persistent pink color signaled the end of the titration. The amount of the oxalic acid in the solution was found to be 8.941%. The redox titration was precise in the quantification of oxalic acid with a standard deviation of 1.327%. Introduction One of the…

Table: Summary of method validation parameter results Validation parameters Acceptance criteria Results Aminexil Minoxidil System suitability Theoretical plates should be NLT 2000 2411 11620 The tailing factor should be NMT 2.0 1.50 1.10 The RSD of five replicate injection should be NMT 2.0% 0.42 0.90 Specificity Peak of Aminexil and Minoxidil should be pure Peaks of Aminexil and Minoxidil are pure. The degradation products should be well resolved from Aminexil and Minoxidil peaks All…

Experiment 7 Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution Of Salicyamide Name: Lidia Santiana Palha Student number: s3333523 Email-address: lidiapalha@gmail.com Name of demonstrator: H.Helbert Reaction Equation Summary Salicylamide and sodium iodide are dissolved in ethanol, and stirred and cooled to 0. After that household bleach was added while stirring vigorously, solution changed from colorless to pale yellow. Sodium thiosulphate and hydrochloric acid were added aswell.…

The GCMS analysis showed the metabolites could be definitely identified as concern compound by comparisons with known authentic compound. The m+ ion is found at m/z94 for phenol. The molecular weight of the phenol is 94. The base peak value of phenol was observed as 94 and mass peak values were recorded as 66, 39, and 55. The m+ ion for acetophenone is m/z 120. The molecular weight of the compound was observed as 120, the base peak and mass peak values were recorded as 105 and 91, 77, 51, 39,…

6. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION All the results generated from the present study are represented in the respective tables. The powdered gum of Acacia arabica was subjected to preliminary organoleptic evaluation. The scanty availability of information on this plant facilitates the study on it. The attempt is made to study the Pharmacognostical, phytochemical and pharmacological activities of gum of the plant. The study was divided into three major parts viz. • Pharmacognostical studies •…

Vinyl chloride’s toxic effects are released via gas or liquid form. First, the route of exposure and how the human body is affected is explained. I have then explained the correlation between mechanisms of action and mode of action, and receiving professional care to eliminate the effects of vinyl chloride. The effects of vinyl chloride on the human body, and how Bradford Hill’s criteria for causation is explained last. [Heading 1] The route of exposure, based on Thomas Fuller (2015), will…

The electrochemical properties of the squaraine dyes (SQ1 & SQ2) were investigated. The effects of the chemical structures of two SQ1&SQ2 dyes were selected in relation to the variable property of -COOH substituent for SQ1 compare to SQ2 which without substituent and determine their potential energy levels in ground and excited states HOMO and LUMO. The HOMO energy levels of the SQ1 & SQ2 dyes are -5.19 eV and -5.16 eV. The LUMO energy levels are calculated to be -3.08 eV and -3.1eV respectively…

IV. METHODOLOGY SAPONIFICATION VALUE Saponification is a method used in treating a neutral fat with alkali, breaking it down to glycerol and fatty acids. The saponification value or saponification number is the amount of alkali needed to saponify the given quantity of fat or oil, expressed as mg potassium hydroxide to saponify 1 g of the sample. In this experiment, the researchers used chemicals such as ethanol, hydrochloric acid (HCl), potassium hydroxide (KOH) and phenolphthalein indicator.…