Acetic anhydride

3.3.3: Phytochemical analysis The leaves and bark extracts were tested for some secondary metabolites like-saponins, tannins, alkaloids, anthraquinones, phlobatannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, reducing sugar and poly phenols. Test for reducing sugar: Mixture of 1ml or 1gm of plant sample is taken in a test tube and 10ml deionized water is added in it after this a few drops Fehling solution (1ml Fehling solution A and B) is also mixed and heated at 1000C in a water bath. The Brick red…

Lipids: Lipids have a hydrophobic nature because of the predominantly of hydrocarbon chains in their structure. They are insoluble or poorly soluble in water, but readily soluble in non polar solvents such as ether and benzene. Characteristics of Lipids:  Amphiphatic  Naturally occurring  Soluble in organic solvents but insoluble in water  Undergo saponification  Undergo emulsification Classification and biological functions of Lipids: • Fatty Acids:  Energy sources  Biosynthetic…

Extraction of Caffeine from Tealeaves Rosheen Villaraza, Dana Young, Dana Yu*, and Ray Zafra Department of Biological Studies, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines Abstract Experiment 3 highlights the separation of caffeine from tea leaves and using chromatography for testing its purity. Extraction is a method of separating the desired from the undesired substance in a mixture through the solubility properties of the substances. In the experimental extraction, Camellia sinensis was…

Preparation of polyallyl polyether of allyl sucrose Abstract: Allyl sucrose is prepared by using sucrose, allyl chloride, NaOH and DMSO. This novel method is less time consuming and required less solvent than other methods. The product is characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FT – IR), 1H-NMR and MASS Spectrometer. Key words: allyl sucrose, allyl chloride, sucrose Introduction: Allyl sucrose is used for…

The objective of the present study is to isolate piperine from the black pepper. Our attempt was to extract the piperine with petroleum ether from black pepper and isolation using the same solvent. It is very difficult to extract and isolate the piperine using a non-polar solvent like petroleum ether due to solubility. During our study, we observe that piperine have a very little solubility in the petroleum ether, at the same time the solubility of the resinous material in petroleum ether is…

acids do. Lower molecular mass organic acids such as formic and lactic acids are miscible in water, but higher molecular mass organic acids, such as benzoic acid, are insoluble in molecular (neutral) form. A few examples of organic acids include: • Acetic acid (ethanoic acid ) CH3COOH • Citric acid…

Effects of Surf excel and Nirma powder on glycogen (--mg/gm) content in Ovary of Mystusmontanus at various sublethal concentrations. Exposure Time Concentration of detergents –mg/litre. Surf excel Nirma powder Control 6.67mg/lit. 13.3mg/lit. 7.833mg/lit. 15.67mg/lit. 24hrs 6.5 ± 0.229129 6.3 * ± 0.15 6.15* ± 0.15 6.3* ± 0.15 6.2* ± 0.229129 48hrs 6.6 ± 0.15 6.15 * ± 0.15 5…

tetra-n-butyl titanate as the precursor. Solution A was prepared by dissolving 17 mL TBT in 30 mL anhydrous ethanol with stirring (300 rpm) for 30 min. The other solution that contained 28.35 mL anhydrous ethanol, 7.25 mL deionized water and 20 mL 3 M acetic acid was slowly added into the above solution with magnetic stirring at room temperature. The prepared mixture was further hydrolyzed for 60 min with stirring until the transparent sol was obtained, which was aged for 20 h at room…

Caffeine is found in many products such as in pharmaceutical supplements, and beverages. Caffeine is mainly obtained from plant seeds or tea leaves. Extraction of caffeine is done to make decaffeinated coffee. There are three methods used to extract caffeine such as water extraction, supercritical carbon dioxide extraction and extraction by organic solvents. For this lab, the method used to extract caffeine will be by organic solvents. The purpose of the procedure is see how caffeine is isolated…

Getting sprayed by a skunk is no fun at all. It is the worst smell and the odor sticks to everything, It's probably no surprise that the same chemical compound called thiols that's found in skunks' stinky spray is also present in rotting flesh and feces. It just plain out stinks! How to remove skunk smell? In a plastic bucket (not metal), mix the following ingredients thoroughly: 1 quart of 3% Hydrogen Peroxide 1/4 cup of baking soda 1 tablespoon of liquid dish washing soap (Ivory is…