Acetic anhydride

What are buffer solutions? Buffer solutions are solutions in water that mark the mixture of acids and bases. They assist in neutralization response to a certain quantity. Acidic buffer answers are those that have robust acids and weak bases as their components. they're used for neutralizing alkaline solutions. Alkaline or primary buffer answers are those who have sturdy alkalis and weak acids within themixture. they're used for neutralizing acidic aqueous answers. Buffer solutions in the blood…

The experiment made use of two reactions in synthesizing 1-phenylazo-2-naphtol, also known as Sudan-1. The first is the diazotization reaction in which a diazonium salt is formed from the conversion of primary aromatic amines, such as aniline, to compounds with the nitroso functional group using a nitrous acid, such as HNO2. The diazonium salt was then used as an electrophile in a coupling reaction with an aromatic compound, β-naphthol. Recrystallization was conducted and yielded 0.18 g of a…

ANALYTICAL METHODS Determination of λ max Gemifloxacin mesylate λ max is determined by preparing one standard concentration of 10μg/ml and scanning should be done. Preparation of 0.1N HCL 8 ml of hydrochloric acid is taken in 1000ml volumetric flask and dissolved with distilled water and then make up to 1000ml with distilled water. Standard graph of Gemifloxacin mesylate: The λmax of Gemifloxacin mesylate in 0.1N HCL was scanned in UV-Visible Spectrophotometer and found to have maximum…

3. Results and discussion 3.1. Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis Preliminary phytochemical screening of the aqueous extract of both CBE and CQE showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, reducing sugar, phenols, steroids like terpenoids and saponins (Table 1), whereas tannins are absent. Table 2. shows the quantitative analysis of phytochemicals of CBE and CQE. The concentration of phyto-constituents varied between the plants and also within the plant. The total steroid…

A important tests were performed on the product to pressure the results: melting point value, percent yield, IR, and TLC. The experimental melting point value was found to be a range of 165-167 ºC being a little lower than the literature value for camphor, the intended product, was 175 ºC. The sharp range was resulted in a slightly pure product. The percent yield was lower than expected which can be the reason most of the product was lost during the extraction and almost completely sublimated…

grains, molasses, etc. They all have the ability to be fermented. This can be done by using a slow or fast process of fermentation. Yeasts ferment the sugars in the apples into alcohol and then bacteria convert the alcohol into acetic acid in apple cider vinegar. Acetic acid is the main key ingredient in vinegar which creates the bold flavor. It also contains nutrients such as B vitamins and vitamin C. There is a buildup of yeast and bacteria called the mother when you make vinegar using the…

The two main purposes of the lab were to determine the percent by mass of acetic acid in vinegar and to determine the molar concentration of a strong acid. In both parts of the experiment a volumetric analysis was used. This is primarily the aid of volumetric glassware in order to determine specific measurements and calculations. Potassium hydrogen phthalate was used as the primary acid standard to determine the molar concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution in part one of the experiment.…

Purpose: As derivatives of carboxylic acids, esters are abundant compounds that often contribute to the fragrances in flowers, fruits, and coffee. Esters are synthesized from either organic or inorganic acids through a process called esterification. In this reaction, a carboxylic acid (RCOOH) and an alcohol (R’OH) mix in the presence of a strong acid catalyst to form a neutral, water-insoluble ester (RCOO’R) that gives off a pleasant smell. The following is an example of this reaction: The…

There are several different reactions that can be utilized in order to end with a product that includes the synthesis of carbon-carbon bonds, however for this experiment the reaction that was utilized is aldol condensation. An aldol condensation is when an enolizable aldehyde or ketone undergoes a reaction, in the presence of a base or acid, and gives a beta unsaturated ketone or aldehyde (Utah Valley University, 2009). This type of reaction can also add carbonyls to a compound, using similar…

The use of animal carcasses in make up Makeup is now trending more than ever, “currently there are a lot of different make up brands and products that ranges from high end to drug store”. (Oddee.net) Most make up comes with a list of ingredients on the wrapper or container, but do we really know what is in our make up? This document seeks to highlight the fact that major ingredients in some of the makeup products we use are indeed animal carcasses. This document serves to further…