Acetic anhydride

Posttreatment of anaerobically treated DWW by aerobic activated sludge using SBR and membrane UF was investigated. The aim of this study was to reduce the organic loading (COD and BOD), nutrients (TKN, NO2, NO3 and TP) and total suspended solids (TSS) of anaerobically treated DWW effluent first by the activated sludge system using SBR and further treated by ceramic tubular membrane UF separately to investigate the possibility of the reusing the effluent for different purposes depending on the…

Extraction of alkali from banana peels is known to depend on such parameters as ashing temperature, ashing time, soaking time and particle size of the ashed sample, soil type and variety. Alkali was extracted from three Nigerian grown banana peels namely: Saaro, Oloosun and Paranta for the purpose of determining the concentration of the extracted alkali. The concentration of the extracted alkali ranged from 0.02 to 0.10mol/dm3. The three varieties of the banana peels gave a maximum concentration…

CHAPTER 4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 4.1 Extraction using Different Solvents The grounded Ixora coccinea and Beta vulgaris plant samples were extracted using the following solvents: Acetone, ethanol, methanol and ethyl acetate. The absorbance was noted to select the best choice of solvent for extraction. Inference Acetone, ethanol and methanol showed higher values. But, the dye extracted from acetone and ethanol did not fix to the fabric properly. So, methanol was selected as solvent for…

3.3.9. Encapsulation efficiency of drug loaded NPs The encapsulation efficiency (EE) was determined by weighing the amount of unloaded drug recovered from lyophilization of the supernatant obtained after centrifugation of NPs. The drug encapsulation efficiency was calculated according to the following equation: Encapsulation efficiency (%) = (Winitial/Wfree)/Winitial *100%. Where, Winitial and Wfree are the weight of initial drug and the weight of free drug determined in the supernatant after…

The influence of selected variables such as pH of phenol solution, concentration of hydrogen peroxide, concentration and the volume of phenol to be treated was studied to find the degree on the degradation of phenol. The influence of these variables on the degradation of phenol using H2O2 by interpreting the TOC results is presented in the following sections. 3.1 Effect of pH The phenol degradation with different pH is shown in Figure 3. As it is clearly seen, a higher pH favors the removal…

Styrene (St, 99%) and methyl methacrylate (MMA, 99%) were obtained from Aldrich company. These monomers were first dried over calcium hydride, were purified by being passed through a column of basic alumina, and were distilled under reduced pressure. Ethyl 2-bromoisobutyrate (EBIB, 98%), copper (I) bromide (CuBr, 99%), copper (I) chloride (CuCl, 99%), and other chemical reagents were procured from Aldrich company and used as received. N-methylbis[2-(dodecylthio)ethyl]amine (SNS) was synthesized…

Metin GUMUS et al.,[1]. In this study, hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) kernel oil was tested and studied as an alternative fuel in diesel engines. The hazelnut kernel oil is made to undergo transesterfication process for reducing the viscosity of the oil. The processed hazelnut kernel oil possesses all the properties of biodiesel used in the diesel engine. The suitable transesterification reaction conditions for hazelnut kernel oil are volumetric ratio of the reactants in the ratio 1:5, reaction…

1-pyrenehexanoic acid was used as the 5-carbon linker and fluorescent component of the target molecule "PYRET-5". This molecule was purchased pure along with the sugar Trehalose, the molecule to which the pyrene was to be attached. Other reactants and solvents include HATU, HBTU, N, N-Diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA), sodium azide, Dimethylformamide (DMF), and Diphenyl phosphoryl chloride and were bought pure or used as received. All reactions were run at room temperature (298.15 K) and standard…

Results Unit 800 produces ethylene and acetic acid through the partial oxidation of ethane. Ethylene, the most abundant product from the unit, is partitioned such that half of the product is used as a feed source for Unit 600 and the other half is sold on the market. Ethylene purity must reach at least 99.5% to be sold as reagent grade. The second desired product, acetic acid, is also sold on the market, at 99% purity. Unit 800 consists of a fired heater to preheat the reactants, an…

Complexation of Cyclodextrins Cyclodextrins (CDs) are most important carriers because of their semi-natural property as it is produced from a natural material i.e. starch, by simple enzymatic conversion. Solubility and dissolution rate of BCS class II drugs can be improved by addition or by complexation with hydrophilic carriers like cyclodextrins. Cyclodextrins have the capability to form inclusion complexes with the guest molecules i.e. poorly water soluble drugs. The formed inclusion complex…