Acetic acid

I learned from this activity that the dose-response curve is used to measure the relationship between the quantity of a substance (the dose) and its overall effect (the response). I was able to recognize that dose and response are related by practicing the relationship on a graph. The dose is placed on the X-axis as the concentration of substance while the response is placed on the Y-axis as a percentage. In the example that we have in step 1, the dose that results in 50% mortality of subjects…

As a group we have taken two sterile plastic vials and placed a cup of Drosophila medium powder into each one. After adding a cup of the medium with added half a cup of distillated water into the plastic vial, which allowed the medium to dissolve into it. We allowed a few minutes for the media to be absorbed and afterwards we applied a cotton plug to close the entrance to the vial. Anesthetizing the Drosophila flies In the lab, we had the fruit flies already asleep in a green bucket filled all…

Jessica Vandeventer April 13, 2016 Energy Comparison of Fuels Purpose/Question- The Purpose of the lab is to see a comparison of fuels using a home made calorimeter. Hypothesis– The burner fuel is going to be a better source of fuel than the tea candle. Data Tables/ Graphs – Data Table 1. Mass and Density of Distilled Water. Mass of 10.0 mL of distilled water (g) Density of water (g/mL) 9.2g .92g/mL Data Table 2. Calorimetric Data. Fuel Source: Initial mass of fuel (g) Final mass of fuel (g)…

It is typically assumed that all tequilas are the same 100 % agave drinks although remarkable part of them are actually mixed spirits. There have been a few attempts to study the composition of tequila samples using gas chromatography and headspace solid-phase microextration but these techniques have proved to be too costly for routine analysis. Lachenmeier and colleagues observed that the authentic tequila research required more advanced and affordable method for separating the 100 % agave…

When Kevlar is spun, the resulting fiber has a tensile strength of about 3,620 MPa,[13] and a relative density of 1.44. The polymer owes its high strength to the many inter-chain bonds. These inter-molecular hydrogen bonds form between the carbonyl groups and NH centers. Additional strength is derived from aromatic stacking interactions between adjacent strands. These interactions have a greater influence on Kevlar than the van der Waals interactions and chain length that typically influence the…

• West: Assessment of CCI of various stopper, vial, and stopper blowback feature combinations. Samples with air headspace stored in nitrogen environment for four weeks: 5 of 240 samples showed evidence of a leak (drop in oxygen concentration between 1.3% and 3.4% atm). Results used by West for marketing poster. CCIT, Dry Ice • BioMarin: 130 glass vials with liquid (diluent) stored for two weeks on dry ice. Correction of total pressure measurement for carbon dioxide ingress into positive…

Identifying Unknown Esters Produced by Fischer Esterification Introduction This procedure was performed in order to prepare an ester using an unknown alcohol and unknown acid via Fischer Esterification. Then to identify this unknown ester using gas chromatography. Esters are a derivative of carboxylic acids. In the Fischer approach, an acid is used in order to allow the esterification to occur. Gas chromatography separates compounds by their elution time. Data and Results The compound in the…

Molecules like cyclosporine that are non-ionisable, lipophilic and non-polar are challenging to formulate due to their low solubility and no effect of pH on solubility, and they are also solubilised in non-aqueous solutions composed entirely of organic solvents. The combination of polyoxyethylated castor oil and ethanol that are water miscible surfactants and solvents can be used to solubilise the non-polar active ingredient, cyclosporine. Therefore, the excipients are appropriate for the…

Specifically, nitration plays an important role in regulation of key enzyme activities and signal transduction networks. Tyrosine is one of the 21 amino acids and is important in the synthesis of certain hormones. Nitration of tyrosine can affect protein function, which can in turn link nitroxidative stress to alterations of molecules present in disease (Peluffo et al. 2007). Potential activation of proteins…

the method of Friedel–Crafts acylation in order to synthesis of acylated oxazoles from 5-methoxy -2-phenyl oxazole (*). The normal conditions which used Lewis acid such as AlCl3 or TiCl4 with TFAA in DCE did not proceed the acylation, however, the reaction of introducing trifluoroacetyl group at the C4-position of oxazole without Lewis acid gave substituted oxazole (**). We optimized the condition of this acylation.…