Acetic acid

The expression "SN1" is the abbreviation of "unimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction", one of the most common reactions in organic chemistry. As a fundamental reaction type, the mechanism of SN1 reaction has long been clear to the researchers, and the rate of the reaction concluded from the mechanism is quite simple. According to the mechanism, the rate of an "ideal" SN1 reaction is only proportional to the concentration of the substrate, which can be expressed as the following formula:…

3.7 ANALYTICAL METHOD FOR ESTIMATION OF RALOXIFENE HYDROCHLORIDE IN HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY USING ACETONITRILE:0.05M AMMONIUM ACETATE (33:67) AS MOBILE PHASE 3.7.1 For Plain Drug Estimation Mode Reverse Phase HPLC Column C18 Detector UV Spectrophotometer Mobile Phase 0.05M Ammonium Acetate (pH 4): Acetonitrile Sample Raloxifene Hydrochloride in Methanol HPLC Flow Rate 1 mL/min Injection Volume 20µL Retention Time 4.6 min Λmax 289nm A stock solution of Raloxifene Hydrochloride was…

Isolation of Chlorophyll and Beta-Carotene from Plant Leaves Yokoyama Yuri B1 (A0142349E) 1. Aim: a) To separate beta-carotene and chlorophyll via column chromatography. b) To analyse the contents of the plant extract as well as the separated beta-carotene and chlorophyll via thin layer chromatography (TLC) c) To analyse the absorption peaks of both beta-carotene and chlorophyll using UV-Vis spectroscopy 2. Results: Fig 1. UV-Vis spectroscopy results for S2 (Beta-Carotene extract) Wavelength at…

A process is disclosed for separating low molecular weight alcohols, especially ethanol, from aqueous mixtures  The feed mixture contains alcohol and water with an extractive solvent comprising a substituted and unsubstituted phenol having 6 carbon atoms and alcohol containing 2 to 4 carbon atoms.  In the process the upper stream contains water with minimum amount of solvent that is 99.9% and the bottom stream contains alcohol with minimum amount of water.  The temperature of the process is…

will be tested for the presence of a carboxylic acid in the product, to make sure the reaction proceeded as expected, with the use of sodium bicarbonate (NaHC"O" _"3" ). Reactions Reaction 1: Diels-Alder reaction of maleic anhydride and (2E, 4E)-2,4-hexadien-1-ol…

Four different were gathered from the IR spectroscopy to identify the nitrophenol. The first peak observed was a weak and broad at 3314.75 cm-1, which was corresponded to an alcohol group; therefore this peak must be corresponded to the O-H stretch of the phenol with a literature value that ranges from 3550-3500 cm-1 (Figure 5). The variance between the observed value, and the expected value can be due to the MHz of the IR spectrometer used. The second peak observed was a weak-medium, sharp and…

All American EFX Kre-Alkalyn (pH-Correct Creatine) This is the brand that started is all on June 4th, 2002 when Kre-Alkalyn® was awarded United States manufacturing patent #6,399,661. Kre-Alkalyn® EFX is "buffered" creatine that does not convert into creatinine prior to reaching skeletal muscle tissue. It is packaged in a purple capsule that can be administered orally. Kre-Alkalyn® EFX is manufactured exclusively by All American Pharmaceutical Corporation. Why a critical adjustment to…

The steps of synthesis process can be explained in Fig. 1. The Zn (NO3)2.4H2O (zinc nitrate tetrahydrate) and Al (NO3)2.9H2O (aluminum nitrate nonahydrate) (Merck) are used as a precursor. ZnO precursor solution with the concentration of 0.15 M was made by dissolving 0.89 grams of powder precursor Zn(NO3)3.4H2O in 40 ml of solvent. Solvent comprises a mixture of 30 ml deionized water and 10 ml of ethanol. To speed up the process of dissolution, the mixture was stirred using a magnetic stirrer…

Overview: A fair test is conducted to determine how much bicarb soda is needed to extinguish a tea-light candle when mixed with vinegar. When bicarb soda and vinegar are mixed together a chemical reaction is made thus extinguishing a lit candle, the candle is blown out as bicarb soda and vinegar creates carbon dioxide. A candle needs oxygen to burn, however when carbon dioxide is poured above the flame the candle will quickly be put out, as carbon dioxide is a heavier gas. Aim: To…

benzoic acid, p-nitroaniline, and azobenzene charged in a 125 mL Erlenmeyer flask mixed with 50 mL of Et2O. Once dissolved, the mixture is transferred the mixture into separatory funnel and begin acid extraction. 15 mL of 3 M HCl is added to the separatory funnel and inverted until a phase boundary is present. An additional 15 mL of 3 M HCl was then added and inverted again. The aqueous layer was removed through the separatory funnel and placed in a 250 mL Erlenmeyer flask labeled “acid.” 15 mL…