Absorption spectroscopy

to a lower percent yield, as only the major product was taken into consideration. The IR spectrum revealed peaks indicative of isopentyl acetate. Isopentyl acetate is comprised of a saturated ester with alkanes. The IR absorptions of this experiment were compared to the IR absorptions of standard functional groups as indicated by UCLA. The medium peaks between 3000-2850 cmˉˡ are characteristic of alkanes in the organic compound. The strong peaks between 1750-1735 cmˉˡ express the presence of…

A forensic analysis will allow the detection of trace amounts of illegal drugs. Given that the analysis would require the detection of extremely small molecular weights, the use of Gas Chromatography coupled with Mass Spectroscopy will yield the best results. Gas Chromatography involves a sample being vaporised and injected onto the head of the chromatographic column. This method is used to isolate the drug from any mixing agents or other substances that might be combined…

In the meantime we can look at the brightest targets, typically Jupiter-sized planets in close-orbits, i.e. “hot Jupiters,” with current ground-based telescopes. I propose to develop a ground-breaking technique that uses optical high-resolution spectroscopy to study the atmospheric properties of other worlds, including their composition, structure (e.g. clouds and stratospheres), and dynamics (e.g. global wind patterns and rotation…

The SEM produces a largely magnified image by using electrons instead of light to form an image. A beam of electrons is produced at the top of the microscope by an electron gun. It consists of an electron gun to produce high energy electron beam. A magnetic condensing lens is used to condense the electron beam and a scanning coil is arranged in-between magnetic condensing lens and the sample. The electron detector (Scintillator) is used to collect the secondary electrons and can be converted…

Introduction Equilibrium is the concept that in a chemical reaction where both the forward and reverse reactions occur, equilibrium is reached when both reactions are occurring at the same rate, thus once a reaction is at equilibria both the forward and reverse reactions are occurring at the same rate. For a given Chemical Equilibrium at a given temperature, keq can be calculated that will be constant no matter the initial values of the reactants and products. For a reaction: the equilibrium…

a particular wavelength which is the same as the configuration of the molecules according to specific functional groups (Wen et al. 2009). Furthermore, the analysis of the absorption wavelengths gives information on the molecules interactions with its surrounding moieties (Paschalis, 2009). FTIR (Fourier Transform spectroscopy) spectra offer information on all tissues components (Wen et al. 2009). Human proteins and mineral constituents give intense, structure sensitive to infrared radiation…

than the literature value of 144°C, indicating that there were some impurities in the substance. A possible reason for the lower melting point of the derivative could be the presence of moisture. This was followed by the NMR analysis and IR spectroscopy. Based on the NMR analysis, it was concluded that the compound was 2-pentanone. There was a confirmation of 4 distinct peaks, reflecting the 4 distinct types of hydrogen. The area represented by the 4 peaks was 10, which…

Esters have a very sweet fruity smell. Esters are commonly used in the preparation of artificial flavors or fragrances. Flavors and fragrances may utilize a single ester or a mixture of esters and other substances to duplicate the odor and flavor of a particular fruit. Naturally occurring esters are found in fruits. An ester is a product of the reaction of an acid (carboxylic acid) and an alcohol (the hydrogen of the acid R-COOH is replaced by an alkyl group R'). Esters mainly result…

Beer’s Law and spectroscopy were utilized in an attempt to make graphs to show just where this value occurred. According to Sigma-Aldrich, the pKa of bromothymol blue is approximately 7.10. [SIGMA, 2017] The final pKa found experimental was also 7.10, as seen in figure five meaning that there was a 0.00% error between the literature and experiment results. In order to test the eight different pH solutions of bromothymol, we first found the maximum wavelengths that gave the highest absorption…

WHAT IS NMR SPECTROCOPY? By definition, NMR spectroscopy is a research technique that makes use of the fact that certain atomic nuclei exhibit magnetic property to determine their chemical and physical properties for various uses that we’ll discuss later. History of NMR Spectroscopy Year Individual Discovery 1921 Stern and Gerlach Basis of quantum theory is confirmed by carrying out atomic and molecular beam experiments 1925 Ulhenbeck & Goudsmith Discovered the concept of spinning…