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research highlights how different HIV-1 clades can affect the yield of IDO and kynurenine in human astrocytes. The striking significant difference in results shows that HIV clade C Tat produced a very low level of kynurenine, however there was an absence of meaningful installment of IDO gene expression. According to Thomas SR, Salahifar H, Mashima R (2001), “in the study of astrocytes treated by Tat B, we observed a high degree of increased expression of the IDO gene, protein, IDO enzyme…

observations, it seems that Martin’s disability falls under what the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association refers to as “secondary brain damage”. According to ASHA, secondary brain damage can result in “increased blood pressure in the skull” and seizures. The major difference between secondary damage and primary damage is secondary damage advance with time (2016). When I went over his IEP with Mighty’s 504 director and dean of students, Anna Andrews, she disclosed that while Martin’s…

It is thus a complete cycle because it is a two way process. Until the full process has been gone through the process of communication is considered to be incomplete. (3) Information as a one-way process Information flow is another related process. Information is knowledge; it comes from the processing of raw data which records the events as they take place in every miniscule of an organization or an institution. Knowledge is power. The flow of information is considered to be an extremely…

Some police departments use physical standards to legally discriminate against female candidate and this should not be allowed because even if it’s legal discrimination that’s still discrimination. Men are always going to be physically stronger than women that’s how they are built. Some examples of test that discriminate against women are test the involve upper body strength like pull ups, outdated test that have been used for years but have not been updated and “obstacle courses or tests…

Paul Revere and His Impact on American History Paul Revere is a man whose name and legacy will live on throughout the years to come. His bold actions helped to shape America into the country it is today. With Paul Revere’s help, The United States was able to gain its independence from the British during the Revolutionary War. Aside from his contributions to the American Revolution, Paul Revere was also an accomplished mechanic and businessman, some of whose inventions are still in use today.…

Genetic testing is a common medical practice used by doctors and researches that identifies irregular mutations and/or defective genes that are susceptible to causing harmful genetic disorders. “One of a Kind” and “Advances in Kids’ Early Aging Disease” are two well-written articles that examine different genetic disorders and the threats they pose on children. Seth Mnookin, author of “One of a Kind,” tells the story of Bertrand Might, who at the time was the only known patient suffering from a…

Atavism is the reappearance of an ancestral characteristic in an organism after several generations of absence. Lombroso indicates that criminals are distinguished from non-offenders by various anomalies physically. The term atavism was used by Lombroso to define a person who is not fully evolved. Lombroso considered people who had an abnormality in the skull…

Recognizing, Ending, and Preventing Cholera Outbreak Cholera is a bacterial, diarrheal disease particularly rampant in developing countries where water sanitation is lacking. The focus of this paper is primarily on cholera’s outbreak history and disastrous effects on populations. This paper also discusses varying solutions that have been implemented in numerous countries with a focus on vaccine use in Haiti, one of the poorest countries in the world with a turbulent history, versus long-term…

Martin Luther King Jr once said “True peace is not merely the absence of tension, it is the presence of Justice” (*****). In layman terms, the concept of justice is really the concept of balance and the glue that holds society together (****2). It is the idea of people getting what is right, fair, and appropriate based on their actions. It drives proper behaviors by upholding the righteous and punishing what is wrong and evil. Justice holds all men accountable to one another to perform their…

Autism versus ADHD Since the spike in diagnosis of Autism occurred in the early 2000’s, people have been relating the disorder to attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, or ADHD. Both of the disorders are mental disorders nationally recognized, however they are quite different for various reasons. Autism spectrum disorder, ASD, is a disorder with different levels of intensity that is characterized by difficulty communicating and repetitive conducts. It varies from high functioning autism…