Resistance to the NGK The apartheid ideology was not unanimously supported in the Afrikaner churches; it met resistance on many levels, at first from the whites in the NGK, then from the blacks in the NGSK and the NGKA. Reverend Beyers Naudé, a minister at NGK, was one of the early objectors to the apartheid ideology, and in1964, he was stripped of his position due to his involvement with the Christian Institute – a multiracial group – that advocated for causes like the Black Consciousness and Black theology during the 1970s. He was placed under house arrest, shortly after the death of Steve Biko (the Black Consciousness theorist), and he remained so until 1984. Benjamin B. Keet and Barend J. Marais are two other prominent individuals who…
To a lesser extent the resistance to apartheid was very slow to develop at the level of the Western government during the 1950s and 1960s .South Africa rather considered itself, and they were considered by others, to be important to the Western world, who’s valued both for its tactical position with regards to trade routes around the Cape and as a source of extremely useful and necessary minerals such as shown in (Appendix 1- useful and necessary minerals). In a time of struggle for independence…
to that zoo, while only black people can go to this zoo. Or only Asian people can go to this bathroom, while only Native Americans can go to that bathroom. An odd concept, is it not? This is exactly how the system of apartheid works and it’s the same system that was used in South Africa from 1948 to 1994. Apartheid was brutal system to live by and it was much like a caste system with the lightest skinned, white people, at the top of the system and the darkest skinned, black people, miserably…
Question 2: Njabulo Ndebele’s The Cry of Winnie Mandela “In the novel, the historical Winnie Mandela is imaginatively re-inscribed. She is removed from the public arena to a woman who is just one among many, a descendent of Penelope.” The road to self-realisation is a lonely road. Caught between self-exploration and social expectance, one cannot determine their highest height until they have experienced their underground low. Set in an era of apartheid regime, societal roles and government laws…
popular governance as a key factor in post-Apartheid society. The all-encompassing nature of the freedom charter resonated with the disadvantaged racial categories within South Africa, and provided assurance to non-black races towards a better, fairer, future. Co-signed by the colored and Indian national congresses of South Africa, the Freedom Charter expressed the ideals of those discriminated against under apartheid, and bolstered ANC support across a broad…
to own the land and all its resources. Racism was the main problem during 1948 until 1991, where African black people were abused and separated from their land due to a legislation named Apartheid imposed by the National Party (government party) in Africa. Afrikaners were Dutch decedents that arrived to Africa between the seventeenth and eighteenth century. From 1877 to 1878 the last frontier war took place, between British colonies and Xhosa people; this war separated African people as it is…
Political activist and historian Howard Zinn once said, “Protest beyond the law is not a departure from democracy; it is absolutely essential to it.” His views on peaceful resistance relate to those of Martin Luther King Jr. during the United States civil rights movement, Mahatma Ghandi in India’s push for independence, Nelson Mandela during the South African apartheid, and my own. Peaceful resistance is critical to make substantial changes within the government. In pursuit of successfully…
Peaceful resistance to laws, given that it's done at an appropriate and opportune setting, is absolutely beneficial in the long run to a nation, as it's such disobedience that keeps a free society exactly that. Examples specifically in the US range from the beginning stages of the American Revolution, to the struggles of civil rights advocates, to the actions of one Edward Snowden in exposing the government's surveillance to the people; all of these cases represent how, employed correctly,…
One famous example being the sit ins that took place during the Civil Rights movement in the south. This was with the encouragement of Martin Luther King after giving his speech encouraging civil disobedience. As planned, four African American students went into a segregates diner, and sat at a “whites-only” counter, where they peacefully refused to move. They endured racial slurs, and verbal as well physical abuse. This led to national sit ins and peaceful protests all with the goal of ending…
The lives of Gandhi, Mandela and Aung San Suu Kyi(ASSK), are ones we deem as having been extraordinary. However, there are many potential determinants that illustrate this perception. The interesting aspect for this essay is how they managed to overcome the repressive existing order and bring about change. The three individuals in this study have similar objectives, however took slightly different routes in achieving their goals. The focus is on their methods of resistance and their attitudes…