potentially harmful. Online misinformation has convinced some people that vaccinations lead to long term effects and diseases such as Alzheimer’s and autism. Conspiracies even have people believing vaccinations are a part of a governmental scheme to control society. Although these controversies and theories are out there, vaccinations should be mandatory for people who attend school systems where a large group of people are present. Vaccinations have many purposes and are crucial when looking at…
P. aeruginosa has been studied extensively for over 100 years due to its role in chronic infections of the urinary tract, pneumonia in cystic fibrosis patients, its ability to delay wound healing, and in foreign-body infections (biomaterial implants and devices such as catheters and prosthetics).2,4,14-17 Biofilm-based chronic infections caused by P. aeruginosa affect millions of people and are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients suffering from cystic fibrosis.18,19 Growth…
Microorganisms invasion of the dental pulp as a sequel to dental caries,trauma,and operative dental procedures causes pupal infection and periapical diseases2-3 9-10 The aim of endodontic treatment is to eradicate bacteria from the root canal and prevent reinfection9 (the effectiveness of various Alexanda almyroudi) Endodontic treatment includes the cleansing of pulp tissue and bacteria from infected root canals. This is performed mechanically by files and supported by irrigation with…
Healthcare-Associated Infections definition Healthcare-Associated infections are patients’ infections that happen when the patients are receiving treatments in a health care setting for health issues either medical or surgical condition. There are many places where healthcare-associated infections can happen such as hospital’s inpatient care, outpatient clinics, ambulatory surgical centers, nursing homes, end-stage renal disease facilities, and rehabilitation centers (Health.gov, 2016). Types of…
external and internal bleeding . Though scientists are still unaware of how patient zero—the first person to be infected—acquires the disease, the virus is spread by direct contact with bodily fluids . Overall, 90 percent of Ebola victims die, so control of Ebola outbreaks is crucial…
just a few days after contracting the virus. AI has been identified in over 100 different species of wild birds worldwide, with the majority of these being waterfowl (Center for Disease Control and Prevention). OVERVIEW I was unable to find a clear date for the imminence of AI in birds; however, the first human infection of highly pathogenic AI virus was detected in 1997 during a poultry outbreak in Hong Kong, China (World Health Organization). Since then AI has spread and been identified in…
Ebola virus. The first person to get infected by this virus must have spread it to other humans by human-to-human transmission, which the person must have received it from a fruit bat or an ape. Ever since the recent outbreak of the Ebola virus infections, there have been many questions about the understanding of how this virus is transmitted, because it is not yet fully…
MMR vaccine. One dose of MMR has a 93% effective rate, and two doses have a 97% effective rate. The recommended age for routine vaccination is 12–15 months for the first dose of MMR, and to 4–6 years for the second dose of MMR. (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2015). In 2000, measles was declared eliminated from the US, however, due to international travel and migration that number has since raised. Although getting a vaccination is not mandatory, the United States has two ways…
TERMINOLOGY CLINICAL CLARIFICATION • Systemic illness due to microbial infection that can lead to acute organ dysfunction or failure and associated with host immune response to infection CLASSIFICATION • There is a disease continuum with increasing severity if not treated or not responsive to treatment o Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) - Documented or suspected infection with systemic manifestations of infection - Clinical response to a nonspecific insult of either infectious or…
Protecting the body from disease and infection is the immune system, one of the body’s most important and necessary function. However in some cases, the immune system attacks healthy cells in the body by mistake; which can causes various of problems and diseases in the body. Conditions and diseases of this abnormal response of the immune system are often referred as an autoimmune disease. One of the most common autoimmune diseases is psoriasis, a chronic skin diseases categorized with raised,…