Freedom of Expression Essay

oncogene. Previous studies have demonstrated that the human HDM2 promoter is a target of the MEF transcriptional factor and the overexpression of MEF led to an increase in the Mdm2 protein (mice version of the human Hdm2), which in turn decreased the expression of the tumor-suppressor, p53, thereby augmenting transformation that may lead to leukemogenesis. Furthermore, the mutation commonly found in leukemia patients resulted in the delocalization of the NPM1 protein from the nucleolus to the…

The Violinist Thumb is a book by Sam Kean that describes how DNA, and heredity function. The book is divided into four parts. Part one describes the basics of heredity. It goes into detail about base pairs, amino acids, RNA, and the such to give readers an overview of the system of heredity. One of my favorite stories from part one is the story of Tsutomu Yamaguchi, who survived both atomic explosions in Japan during World War II, and lived into his nineties. Part two discusses adaptations,…

Ubiquitin-conjugating partners of CHIP: In section 3, after " fate of substrates": E2’s are the family of enzymes, having highly conserved ubiquitin conjugating domains. These enzymes, in combination with E3s, play an important role in determining the fate of substrate proteins by selecting a lysine residue on which ubiquitin moiety must be added. In section 3, after Murata, et al. 2003: An in vitro study has shown that CHIP, with the aid of UbcH5 and UbcH6, two other E2s, can efficiently…

Kwon-Chung in 1976 has mentioned that C. neoformans exists as two mating types, MATa and MATα which is determined by single locus with diomorphic alleles.(Halliday CL et al, 1999). The MAT locus of C. neoformans is larger and consists of 100 kb having more than 20 conserved genes. These mating types play an important role in sexual development changes. These also play a vital role in epidemiology by knowing the prevalence and virulence of the isolate (Lengeler KB et al, 2000). Based on the…

Lab #5 Assignment: Protein Analysis by SDS-PAGE Introduction: Different cells and tissues express different proteins because of gene expression. Gene basically reflects what the protein will be and also its function. The expression must be controlled by some kind of regulation in the processes of transcription and translation. For example, in transcription, enhancer sequences provide binding sites for regulatory proteins that will affect RNA polymerase activity. On a related note, the size of…

Transcription is a process which information from DNA is converted into its RNA equivalent which also refers to the synthesis of RNA copy of information encoded on DNA. The same principles of transcriptional regulation apply to both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Transcription involves in access of transcription apparatus to DNA, recognition of promoter sequences, initiation of RNA synthesis, elongation of RNA, and termination. Transcriptional in eukaryotes is more complex compared to prokaryotes…

Result and Discussions 3.1. Changes in catalytic pocket Instead of having the conventional catalytic triad residues (His665, His667 and Asp767) in it’s protease domain, Lon protease employs the Ser679 – Lys722 catalytic dyad to form a catalytic pocket for promoting proteolysis. But the mutations in catalytic dyad residues make some changes in the catalytic pocket of these three mutant types. A comparison of SASA values and RSA values [Supplementary file 1] were done among the catalytic…

Introduction Epigenetics, “above-genetics” is concerned with the mechanism that underlies developmental processes and canalization that are neither necessarily transmitted nor brought about by changes in the DNA sequence in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. At the cellular level it focuses on the developmental process that leads to cell determination and cell differentiation (Jablonka & Raz, 2009). Narrowly defined, epigenetics refers to the scientific approach concerned with changes in the…

DNA is the scientific way to identify oneself, it contains one’s personal roadmap set up for life. However, DNA is not set in stone, environmental factors can alter the gene expression of an individual, this phenomenon is known as epigenetics. Epigenetics is how chemical signals modify genes without changing the overall structure of the DNA sequence. The chemicals that are produced affect which genes are expressed due to environmental factors (Turner). A big factor in a person’s environment is…

Identification of spatial and temporal changes in lncRNA expression following consolidation or extinction. To identify specific lncRNAs whose levels change significantly in the CA1/Prl/Ifrl, RNAseq analysis will be performed on total RNAs isolated from these brain regions following consolidation or extinction training…