Failure Essay

Congestive heart failure effects approximately 5.1 million Americans, with about 670,000 new cases diagnosed each year (Davidson,2015). In 2009, one in nine deaths were contributed to heart failure (Davidson,2015). The expectancy life span after being diagnosed is approximately five years. It effects mostly the elderly over the age of 65. CHF is a chronic disease that over time gets worse because of the weakening of the heart, increased workload, which reduces the amount of oxygenation that can…

consuming them. Well-functioning competitive markets deliver the best possible price and quantity that achieves social economic efficiency (Thomas & Maurice, 2013). Market failure occurs when a market fails to achieve social economic efficiency and fails to maximize social surplus (Thomas & Maurice, 2013). There are six forms of market failure that undermine economic efficiency: monopoly power, natural monopoly, negative and positive externalities, common property resources, public goods, and…

Pathophysiology for chronic kidney failure • Chronic kidney failure, also previously known as chronic kidney disease, is a nonreversible disease. The kidney may lose up to 80% of its nephrons before any signs and symptoms may appear. The nephron is the smallest part of the kidney and its job is to filter blood. The loss of nephrons can come from various ways ranging from diabetes, hypertension, urinary tract obstruction, chronic glomerular disease and chronic infection. Diabetes causes loss…

Specialty Menu for Chinese Patient With Renal Failure Diagnosis: Renal failure is the slow digression of the kidneys in the body system. The disease can either be acute, or become chronic, which is more common among the elderly. Judith Hopfer, April Hazard Vallerand, and Cynthia A. Sanoski describe in Davis's Drug Guide for Nurses how this occurs. This can result from injury or by the aging process where the kidneys begin to shut down. (Hopfer, Vallerand, Sanoski, 496). Marilynn E. Doenges,…

• Introduction : Congestive heart failure (CHF) is specifically known as congestive cardiac failure (CCF) in the scientific papers. The term ‘’CHF’’ describes a debilitating condition in which the heart 's function as a pump is unable to deliver an adequate amount of rich-oxygen blood to the rest of the body and the fluid builds up in the body and other organs making the heart congested. CHF results from any structural or functional cardiac disorder that weakens the pumping ability of the heart,…

Here I hypothesize that trauma is an example for a robustness failure in a biological system. Robustness, can be defined most generally as a property that allows a system to maintain its functions against internal and external perturbations [1]. The body uses feedback systems to achieve robust, dynamic response in the presence of trauma. For instance, when a patient bleeds severely, they experience hypovolemic shock. The loss of blood prevents adequate oxygenated blood from reaching vital organs…

Introduction Caregivers provide physical and emotional support to friends or family members with heart failure. If you are supporting someone who has heart failure, you play an important role in making sure that the person follows schedules, takes medicines, and follows the overall treatment and rehabilitation plan. What do I need to know about heart failure? Heart failure is a serious condition. It means that the heart cannot fill or pump enough blood and oxygen to support the body and its…

congestive cardiac failure. She has past medical history of hypertension, chronic renal failure, type 2 diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidaemia. She has been admitted in hospital several times recently and she was discharged 11 days ago from emergency department. Now she is suffering from dyspnoea and she feels like she can not catch her breath due to congestion of lungs. Her lower limbs feel like tree trunk due to oedema. These changes are manifestations of congestive cardiac failure. She is also…

Acute renal failure can be caused by several different conditions, however, the causes are often categorized as prerenal, intrinsic, and postrenal. Prerenal causes are characterized by a marked decrease in blood flow to the kidneys, while intrinsic causes are attributed to physical damage within the kidney, and postrenal cause an obstruction in fluid flow from the kidneys through the ureters, bladder, or even urethra. Some different prerenal causes include hypovolemia as a result of hemorrhage,…

angina can be indicative of a heart failure. Also common symptoms like chronic tiredness, lightheadedness, or lower extremity swelling can be the result of an underlying heart failure (Stern, Behar & Gottlieb, 2003). Physicians (cardiologists) are very concerned when patients report above symptoms as heart failure symptoms surface much after the actual heart failure occurs. Therefore, in an ideal situation, a doctor should be able to detect and treat heart failure much before the symptoms…