Essay on Inflation

Question 2 Critiques of Keynes by Hayek (political), Pigou (theoretical) and Friedman (empirical). In his general theory of employment, interest and money, John Maynard Keynes argued that crisis and instability in the market cannot be sufficiently be mitigated by free market forces. According to his theory, full employment cannot be achieved by the competitive forces in the market. What this implied is that the market needed a third hand of the government to correctly fix the volatilities in the…

2.3. ECONOMICS INVOLVED (a) (b) (c) FIGURE 2.6. (a) Demand Relationship (b) Supply Relationship (c) Demand and Supply Relationship Therefore, it can be said that price is the reflection of demand and supply. It is believed that behind the allocation of various resources underlies the relationship between these two (demand and supply). For example, if there is a shortage of oranges in the market, their price would increase. This reason behind this is the reduced supply and increased demand for…

Pareto optimality is a tool used by normative welfare economist who measures welfare in terms of preference satisfaction. This tool is used for assessing social welfare, resource allocation and to analyze public policy. It was a principle proposed by Italian economist and sociologist, Vilfredo Pareto in order to make high levels of inequality justifiable. An allocation is said to be a Pareto improvement if no alternative allocation could make at least one person better off while not making…

Edward Glaeser, author of Triumph of The City: How Our Greatest Invention Makes Us Richer, Smarter, Greener, Healthier, and Happier, is a very educated man. He is an Economics Professor at Harvard University, and a senior fellow at the Rappaport Institute for Greater Boston. Glaeser studies housing, economics of cities, segregation, obesity, crime, innovation, and several other subjects. He is a columnist for Bloomberg View, and writes about his studies. Glaeser’s theme in this book closely…

Rachel Cohen's essay, "Education Isn't the Key to a Good Income," published at The Atlantic on 26 Sept. 2017, was written to show the many different studies and opinions on the idea that school quality might not be the most significant force in economic growth. Cohen uses several studies done by well-known economists Raj Chetty and Jesse Rothstein. Though several other people and their opinions were mentioned, the essay was focused around the two main studies. The 25.7 million readers of The…

Canadian economy enters recession Canada has entered recession due to a fall in the price of US crude oil, which has contributed to a lower demand for oil produced in Canada, therefore leading to a decrease in exports and thus a fall in real GDP. The Canadian economy has a negative growth and a contraction of 0.8% and hence indicating a recession. A recession occurs due to a period of a decline of GDP and consequently leading to an increase in unemployment. This occurs in the contraction…

Substitution effects: it is a situation whereby if there is an increase in price or decrease in income, consumers will substitute high-priced items with less expensive alternatives. Substitution effects shows the change in the consumption of goods due to the change in the prices of the products. Consumers tends to replace/substitute luxury goods with cheaper items when income decreases or price rises. However, the consumers also tend to substitute cheaper items with luxury goods when their…

Published in the The Journal of Law & Economics in 1985, George J. Stigler and Robert A. Sherwin’s “The Extent of the Market” focuses on using the movements of prices in separate markets to determine if it is only one market. Stigler and Sherwin use examples from the silver, flour, oil, and labor markets to present their method for determining similarity of price movements. To determine if markets are integrated, Stigler and Sherwin propose a test based on the movement of prices; this parallel…

Poverty in Pakistan is also a major issue: a very fast-growing population facing a lot of problem like lack of education, jobs, technology and investment. But the nation is committed for tackling the problem and the poverty rate has fallen by more than 10% in the mid-2000s. According to a report nearly 15 million people who were lifted out of poverty. Media has placed facts and figures in front of nation and gave suggestions to eliminate poverty. The reason why poverty became such an important…

PESTLE Analysis Micro economy factors and macro economy factors can affect all organization. Macro economy, also PESTLE analysis. PESTLE is an analytical tool for strategic business planning. PESTLE analysis known as, • Political • Economic • Social • Technological • Legal • Environment Political After Britain exits from the European Union, Britain become hard relationship with EU country. That affect the private schools. So that it is not easy to get new students from other country.…