Analytical Essay

Introduction Water hardness is defined as the sum of the concentrations of Ca2+ and Mg2+ in a water sample which is measured by amount of CaCO3. Typically, water hardness indicates the water quality, as hard water has greater concentrations of Ca2+ and Mg2+ and soft water has proportionally less concentrations of the aforementioned ions.1 Water that contains Ca2+ and Mg2+ concentrations above 100 milligrams per liter (mg/L) is categorized as hard while soft water contains ion concentrations…

Table 1 Composition of Lansoprazole microparticles Formulation code Amount of drug(mg) Amount of polymer chitosan (mg) Drug polymer Ratio Tween 80 (%w/v) F1 100 100 1:1 1.25 F2 100 200 1:2 1.25 F3 100 300 1:3 1.25 F4 100 400 1:4 1.25 F5 100 500 1:5 1.25 F6 100 600 1:6 1.25 Characterization of Lansoprazole microparticle The microparticle will be characterized for following parameters: Percentage yield: After complete drying, the drug loaded microparticle was collected and weighed accurately…

1. It is necessary to list the experimental conditions when reporting a chromatogram because it will allow universal comparison. In the event that you want to compare your results with a colleague, the factors that can affect the results are listed and taken into consideration to get an accurate comparison. 2. The type of column used is listed, this column contains the stationary phase and the mobile phase is pumped through the column under pressure. The dimensions of the column are listed as…

Chromatography is a method of separation in which the components of a substance are separated and distributed between two phases, which are the mobile phases and stationary phase (1). There are multiple types of chromatograph, which includes paper chromatography, column chromatograph, retention chromatography, gas chromatography, liquid chromatography etc. Each technique has its own strengths and weaknesses, but all are useful in getting separations of different components (8). Since many…

High Performance Liquid Chromatography Lab Abstract High performance liquid chromatography or HPLC is the process in which mixtures are physically separated according to their polarity. The lab conducted, the separation of dyes in grape Kool-Aid, demonstrated the concept. This was done to display how different alcohols and their concentrations have different polarities, in which ties into HPLC. The lab consists of testing Kool-Aid, water, and different concentrations of methanol and…

The objectives of this lab where to determine the empirical formula of a hydrated copper (ll) sulfate sample, practice writing detailed observations in the laboratory and practice calculating mass percent composition. Before beginning taking measurements, read through the instructions below and make a neat table in which to record all the numerical data. Using tongs put a clean crucible on the hotplate. Heat the crucible for approximately 5 minutes. Turn off the hotplate. Carefully remove the…

Introduction The use of drugs of abuse has become an increasing problem throughout the world. Drugs of abuse range from anything to illegal drugs such as cocaine, misuse of prescriptions or even nicotine. Drugs of abuse are more than just harmful to a person’s health, they also have an impact the environment, including water treatment processes. The purpose of these experiments is to identify the compounds in aquatic samples from various places throughout the world. Verifying these compounds is…

The debatable assessment Moreover, it is arguable whether Phonics Screening Check (PSC) is effective in measuring the outcomes of instructions and identifying the reading ability of children. In Rose Report (2007: 19), synthetic phonics is praised as ‘the best route to becoming skilled readers’. Driven by its emphasis on phonics, it points out five essential skills for reading: ‘recognition of letters, the ability to sound out phonemes, the ability to hear and blend phonemes, the reading of…

Chromatography is a separation method used to help identify mixtures. One common form of chromatography is gas chromatography. This type of chromatography will usually use a gas as the mobile phase, and a liquid as the stationary phase (“Gas Chromatography”). A gas chromatograph is comprised of some vital components, which include: the carrier gas, flow controller, injector port, column, column oven, detector, and recorder (“Gas Chromatography”). The purpose of this lab was for an unknown…

2.4 Optical density Yang, Gao & Jiang (2012) investigated Study on the Relationships between the Optical Density and Ink Film Thickness Based on the Offset Overprint Trapping. D=D∞ (1-e-ml) formula represents the relationship between ink thickness and ink density. By using the formal of one-color ink thickness and ink density, the second density that corresponds the first major density is transferred to the equal thickness. Then they are added together. The experiment was carried out using 128…