4th millennium BC

Writings most unique attribute is its ability to last centuries unaltered. Some documents are created for the present alone such as to do list and letters while some documents are created to last for centuries and are written to survive the trials of time. In general, durable writing materials required excessive time and labor to produce. Written eye witness testimonies became more reliable and trusted than recited oral history. Through deciphering and translation, writings from all times and languages can be understood. The Sumerian Civilization was not focused on creating lasting messages. The Sumerians were instead focused on the here and now. The documents found representing this civilization, were preserved unintentionally by the baking of the desert sun. Clay was the most popular writing material but it had the significant flaw of being non-recyclable. Once a clay tablet was imprinted, it could not be changed. If a edit was required, the first draft would be cast aside. As Hans Nissen, Peter Damerow, and Robert Englund stated in their book, Archaic Bookkeeping. Such clay tablets hardened almost immediately in the dry hot climate of that part of the world. As a result of this hardening, and because such lumps of clay could not be reused, these documents from early Babylonia survived in great number” (ix). Without intending to, the Sumerians developed a long lasting material, which improved the ease of long lasting writing. The value of preserving knowledge was fully…

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The millennium was labeled by Jonathan Edwards of a time of great peace throughout the world. Which was also described in the New Testament as a time of peace for a thousand years. In A Treatise on the Millennium Samuel Hopkins helps support this idea of harmony throughout all nations. Hopkins a follower of Edwards and a Congregational minister goes into more details about how the idea was brought up and seen in the culture of North America. During this time of early antebellum its easy to see…

Print did play an integral role in the success of the Reformation and she might be a child of Gutenberg, however she was not alone “Printing was a revolution in that it made more identical copies at lower cost available should not be credited with the intellectual and psychological changes that were really the result of a new method of reading. Whether manuscript or text” (Chartier). There are so many components that play into the successes of the Reformation during the 16th century. However,…

Limiting a minority group’s education is one of the best methods of oppression. Women have been faced with this time and time again in order for the dominant group—males—to feel superior. Women’s education has been directly linked to their social roles for many years. During the 15th century, women had prominent roles in society and were given their own rights. Due to the plagues that engulfed Europe during this time, there were much more opportunities for women to take on jobs that,…

Since Arden’s dramatic representation is altered to be “by birth a gentleman of blood” (1.36), his altercation with Mosby, “the botcher” (1.25-27) becomes the quintessential new gentleman’s challenge against the birth gentry. As according to Civile and Uncivile Life, people of those times when comparing two gentleman “accompt him more or lesse honorable or worshipfull, as hee is more or lesse landed or wealthy” (Jones 21). If Arden, being of wealthier status, would have been understood by…

This historical study will define the impact of the fishing industry and ethnic diversity of immigrant populations in the early settlement of Newfoundland from 1500-1800. The settlement of Newfoundland was primarily based on the fishing industry due to a lack of other resources on the island. The settlements of early Newfoundland were primarily formed through the diverse array of ethnic cultures, such as the Portuguese, English, French, and Irish that eventually came to develop settlements in…

As word of mouth being the oldest news medium (Stephens, 2007, p. 2), this chapter introduces different kinds of oral news, such as spoken news and news exchange in coffee houses. The latter is presented with its historical context and significance for the French Revolution, because of its strong impact to society. The use of language goes back until 100,000 B.C. with the rise of the homo sapiens (Stephens, 2007, p. XI) and is a basic tool for human communication and interaction. Tikopia…

Simply put, history, regardless of the specificity, is the study of why and how things happen and the Historical Society of Kent County has dedicated nearly eight decades to the preservation of this concept. The non-profit’s headquarters is located at 301 High Street –a noteworthy building, in a respectable town, part of Maryland’s idiosyncratic eastern shore. 301 High Street, otherwise known as the Bordley House, is where one can learn about the unparalleled life of Kent County. Although Kent…

While today many would view a battle between two men to preserve their honor as foolish, in the nineteenth century and earlier, men believed dueling was the only resort to maintain this honor and prove their manliness. Dueling began declining since its beginning due to government involvement and modernization. By explaining the history of dueling and the process of its decline, this paper will explain that dueling continued throughout the nineteenth century, despite significant efforts to end…