20th century

The 20th century saw a series of remarkable discoveries that changed the face of medical practice. Among the most important was the discovery of antimicrobial agents, beginning with the synthesis of arsphenamine by Paul Ehrlich as the century dawned [1]. With this discovery, the dreaded scourge of syphilis was brought under control, although not eradicated. However, the toxicity of the drug made it less than ideal as an antimicrobial agent. Shortly thereafter, optochin (ethyl cupreine) was tried…

American population created an agglomerating economy, which attracted both workers and entrepreneurs from all over the country. Even in the midst of an increase in crime, bad urban governance, and decaying infrastructure during the second half of the 20th century, New York’s economy remained strong because of its new orientation towards corporate management and finance (Glaeser). Today, New York City is still “the most important source of economic power and decision-making in the United States…

America in the 20th century was seen as a land of having new innovations and a advanced way of life. Although America was not in anyway as prosperous as it is now, it was superior to various other countries during and after the war. As America was trying to keep a fairly stable economy the best decision was to keep jobs open and the pay reasonable. This would permit citizens the ability to still purchase items and keep money flowing though the country and not reach a stall like it had during…

Few argued when the 20th Century was dubbed the "American Century", a term first coined in the early 1940s when the country was still overcoming its isolationist instincts. Over the past 15 years, America's fortunes have changed with dizzying speed. First came the tremors: the dot-com bust and a disputed presidential election in 2000. few acts of terrorism that the Islamic State has carried out in the Gulf Arab States were also directed against the Shi’a Muslims in the Eastern province of Saudi…

Hugo naively declared “torture has ceased to exist.” But torture continued to be used against insurgents in Austria and Italy and against opponents of the Tsarist government in Russia.” (Waldron 2007). Attitudes towards tortures in the 20th century The 20th century brought significant changes to the generally accepted social norms, as for example public spectacles with tortures were not considered to be a kind of norm any more. It is not that tortures were absolutely avoided, but they were…

The concept of nationalism was dealt with differently by many communist theorists and leaders during the 20th century, ranging from toleration, attempts to destroy the concept and the incorporation of nationalism into the Communist ideology. Early Communist thinkers such as Marx, Engels and Rosenberg shared similar views on the issue of nationalism in that it would become an irrelevance within a fully formed socialist state. Furthermore, Vladimir Lenin implemented these views of the Marxist…

During the 20th century, many groups across the nation were facing problems with the new urban-industrial order. Progressivism was defined as a broad-based response to industrialization and its social byproducts, which were immigration, urban growth, growing corporate power, and widening class divisions. Most progressives were reformers, who strived to make the new urban-industrial order more humane instead of overturning it and believed that most social problems could be solved through study…

gained respect with time. The history of the tattoos is just as captivating and complex as the tattoo itself. The purpose of the tattoo depends on its place on the timeline of human history. This essay will examine the history of tattoos in the 20th century of the United States.…

The Enigma of the 20th Century “Send the U-Boat to (51° 15' 43", -6° 45' 4"); attack at 15:00.” This could have been a message that was ciphered using a secret code during times of war. Cryptography, the study of securely coding messages, has been around for thousands of years (The Enigma Machine Explained). It started out with pencil-and-paper codes, made of substituting letters for each other in the alphabet. Then, there were more geometric codes, relying on using grids to write out messages…

prejudiced by optimistic or harmful effects that the guidance has on those society. There are at smallest amount three periods in narration in the 20th century, worldwide, where the talent of a people or inhabitants has been honestly prejudiced by the management or political bearing of that nation. The first one of these periods is at the turn of the century, when the empire of Russia experienced a tremendous change in its nations’ leadership. This resulted in a superficially new loom in…