2009 World Championships in Athletics

Despite the fact that testosterone levels are associated with strength and muscle size and therefore cannot be used to universally “rank” athletic capabilities across different individuals (Jordan-Young and Karkazis, 2012), the IOC still equates a “masculine appearance” with “maleness”. This cultural thinking endorses the persistent scrutiny of female athletes who do not conform to hegemonic…

The representation of the University of Tennessee Baseball’s team has been consistent throughout the University’s history. When the Vols baseball team has a successful season the university does not tend to advertise and show them off, but when football or basketball has a successful season it is a completely different story. However, the baseball team likes to represent themselves differently. For example, as a fan walks by the outside of the stadium there are pictures of players that have…

leaving as the last stepping stone into the world of a professional athlete. At the collegiate level, athletes have become serious and have improved their skills to the point where most are better than professional players that are just waiting their turn to be called up to the big stage. With that in mind, to keep college sports prestige, colleges must come…

hard for me to understand the scrutiny women went through while pursuing their love for athletics. Women were stereotyped by society and labeled as feminist and couldn 't be seen as an equal in the world of athletics. Thankfully, women, (and some men), generated enough attention to this disparity in the world of sports and were able to successfully gain leverage in the movement for gender equality in athletics. These pioneers were able to make…

Sex verification in women’s athletic events has been heavily criticized by many since the beginning of Olympic competitions. In April 2011, new policies to regulate who could and could compete as women in the Olympics were enacted before the 2012 Olympics in London. These policies focus on female athletes, often intersex women, with naturally elevated androgen levels, a phenomenon known as hyperandrogenism. Since doping with testosterone is known to increase athletic performance, the policies…

cheer and stomp their feet, the band plays the school theme song with as much vigor as they can muster, the parents and faculty look upon the group of giggling high school girls with pride. The Fairview Girls Swim Team has just won the 5A State Championship for the first time in 12 years, and the school has come to celebrate with balloons and banners, an assembly, proud principals, and crying coaches. This scene is a familiar one in thousands of high schools across the United States…

athlete, but his morality never faded. Tebow is currently an outfielder in Major League Baseball’s New York Met’s minor league system. In his college days, Tebow was a standout quarterback at the University of Florida where he won the BCS National Championship games in 2006 and 2008. He also won the Heisman Trophy, for the best college football player, in 2007. He then was drafted into the National Football League by the Denver Broncos in the first round of the 2010 NFL Draft. Unfortunately, his…

From the beginning Aaron Hernandez was destined to be a great football player. He had all the athletic skill in the world and had the physical size to back it up. He had made a name for himself since his high school days, breaking and setting state records, and then in college he boasted that he would eventually make it into the NFL. That day did come but in a matter of seconds Aaron Hernandez threw that privilege all away; one bad decision has now altered his life path. He had gone from a $40…

indicated on the World Anti-Doping Agency’s (WADA) prohibited list as sanctioned by the World Anti- Doping Code (WADC; WADA, 2015a). Furthermore, management is understood to be the “the process of coordinating people and other resources of an organization to achieve the goals of the organization” (Pride, Hughes, Kapoor, & Canzer, 1999, p. A-9). In the case of this research, management is the…

or Cristiano Ronaldo scoring a “thunderbolt” from forty yards out, everyone may have second thoughts. In today’s world of professional soccer, these two names come up when the question of “Who is the best player in the world?” is posed. Lionel Messi is an Argentinian superstar, and Cristiano Ronaldo is the Portuguese juggernaut. They are without a doubt the two best players in the world today. Messi is 5’7’’ and 148 pounds, soaking wet. Ronaldo, on the other hand, is 6’1’’ and weighs 165 pounds.…