Porifera

Front 1

Porifera meaning

Back 1

Pore bearing

Front 2

Having only a single body layer

Back 2

Monoblastic

Front 3

What kind of symmetry does a sponge have

Back 3

Asymmetry

Front 4

Tend to be small and dull green

Back 4

Freshwater sponges

Front 5

A sponge body is a collection of cells embedded in a jelly like extracellular matrix called ______

Back 5

Mesohyl

Front 6

What do adult sponges use to stick to rocks

Back 6

Their holdfasts

Front 7

How are sponges classified

Back 7

By the composition of their skeletons

Front 8

What do sponges not have

Back 8

Nervous system, digestive system, or circulatory system

Front 9

The body is permeated by numerous pores called _______

Back 9

Ostia

Front 10

As water filters through the sponge, bacteria, algae, bits of organic matter, and other small organisms are trapped and eaten through a process known as _________

Back 10

Phagocytosis

Front 11

A sponge body forms around a hallow center called the ______

Back 11

Spongocoel

Front 12

Water filters in through the pores, transfers through the body, then out the opening at the top of the spongocoel called _______

Back 12

The osculum

Front 13

Thin, flat, epithelial-like (skin-like) cells that cover the exterior surface and some interior surfaces

These cells are somewhat contractile and help regulate the surface area of the sponge

Back 13

Pinacocytes

Front 14

Also known as collar cells, have flagella that beat and create a current to circulate water through their bodies for food gathering and respiratory gas exchange

Traps and phagocytize food particles that are carried in the water

Back 14

Choanocytes

Front 15

Moves throughout the mesohyl carrying the nutrients to all parts of the sponge

Have irregular shapes like a protists called an amoeba

Back 15

Amoebocytes

Front 16

Secrete defensive spicules

Back 16

Sclerocytes

Front 17

Secrete the structural protein spongin

Back 17

Spongocytes

Front 18

Secrete other collagens

Back 18

Collenocytes

Front 19

The simplest sponge body form in which choanocytes lie in a large chamber called the spongocoel

Back 19

Asconoid

Front 20

Sponge body form in which choanocytes lie in canals that empty into the spongocoel

Back 20

Syconoid

Front 21

Most complex and most common sponge body form in which choanocytes lie in distinct chambers

Back 21

Leuconoid

Front 22

These are glass sponges with 6 rayed spicules of silica

Back 22

Class hexactinellida

Front 23

The ability to repair injuries and restore lost parts

Back 23

Regeneration

Front 24

Sponges in class hexactinellida typically have spicules with this many rays

Back 24

Six

Front 25

Another term for multicellular animals

Back 25

Metazoans

Front 26

The giant barrel sponge is nicknamed "______ of the reef"

Back 26

Redwood

Front 27

This is a type of newly discovered carnivorous sponge

Back 27

Harp sponge

Front 28

This structure allows a collar cell to create a current

Back 28

Flagella

Front 29

Both oocytes and sperm are expelled into the water where fertilization occurs

Back 29

External fertilization

Front 30

Sperm are released into the water by one individual and taken into the canal system of another. After fertilization the zygote is retained in and derives nourishment from its parent, until the ciliated larva is released

Back 30

Internal fertilization

Front 31

After reaching a certain size, external buds may detach from the parent and float away to form new sponges, or they remain to form colonies

Back 31

Budding

Front 32

Sponges can trap _____ percent of all bacteria in the water they filter

Back 32

90

Front 33

Thanks to their ________, many sponges can produce chemical toxins as defense

Back 33

Endosymbionts

Front 34

Can enhance water clarity and may indirectly affect coral and algal populations that are dependent on light availability

Back 34

Sponge filtration

Front 35

Sponges have also been used to produce:

Back 35

Anti-viral drugs, anti-cancer drugs, anti-inflammatory drugs, and antibiotic

Front 36

Cytosince arabinoside (one of first cancer drugs) came from the sponge ___________ ( used today in chemotherapy to treat leukemia)

Back 36

Tectitethya crypta

Front 37

an association between two organisms in which one benefits and the other derives neither benefit nor harm.

Back 37

Commensalism

Front 38

the practice of living as a parasite in or on another organism.

Back 38

Parasitism

Front 39

interactions between organisms of two different species, in which each organism benefits from the interaction in some way.

Back 39

Mutualism

Front 40

Development of a new sponge from fragments or aggregates of cells

Back 40

Somatic embryogenesis

Front 41

Class of sponges in which the spicules have three or four rays

Back 41

Calcarea