Zoology Lab Practical 2

Front 1

Mammalian Brain

Back 1

cerebrum (large part of brain), cerebellum, spinal cord, medulla oblongata,pons, pituitary gland, olfactory bulb, optic chiasma, frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, occipital lobe

Front 2

Mammalian nerves

Back 2

cranial nerves:
-olfactory (olfactory bulbs)
-optic (optic chiasma)
-oculomotor (near midline, beyond optic chiasma)

pig:
-vagus nerve (near esophagus)
-brachial plexus (bundle of nerves in armpit)

Front 3

Spinal cord

Back 3

white matter, grey matter, central canal, dorsal root, dorsal root ganglion, ventral root, meninges (outer membranes covering brain)

Front 4

Axial Skeleton:

skull

Back 4

mandible, maxilla, frontal, zygomatic, temporal, parietal, occipital

Front 5

Axial Skeleton:

vertebral column

Back 5

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, caudal

Front 6

Axial Skeleton:

rib cage

Back 6

ribs, sternum

Front 7

Appendicular skeleton:

pectoral girdle and limbs

Back 7

scapula, clavicle, humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges

Front 8

Appendicular Skeleton:

Pelvic girdle

Back 8

ilium, ischium, pubis

Front 9

Appendicular Skeleton:

lower limbs

Back 9

os coxae, femur, tibia, fibula, patella, calcaneous (heel), tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges

Front 10

Excretory system

Back 10

kidney, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra

Front 11

Male reproductive system

Back 11

testis, epididymis, vas deferens, urethra, bulbourethral gland, penis

Front 12

Adult male path of urine

Back 12

kidney> ureter> urinary bladder> urethera> penis

Front 13

Adult male path of sperm

Back 13

testes> epididymis> vas deferens> urethra> penis

Front 14

Female reproductive system

Back 14

uterus (uterine body, uterine horn), ovary, oviduct, vagina, urogenital sinus

Front 15

Adult female path of urine

Back 15

kidney> ureter> urinary bladder> urethra> urogenital sinus

Front 16

Adult female path of egg (ovary to uterus)

Back 16

ovary> oviduct> uterine horn> uterine body

*fertilization of the egg takes place in the oviduct

Front 17

Circulatory system

Back 17

heart:
-left atrium, right atrium, left ventricle, right ventricle
venous system:
-postcava (caudal vena cava), precava (cranial vena cava), pulmonary veins, coronary vein, subclavian veins, axillary veins, external jugular veins, internal jugular veins, external iliac veins, renal veins, umbilical vein
arterial system:
-aorta, aortic arch, pulmonary arteries, coronary artery, brachiocephalic trunk, subclavian arteries, axillary arteries, common carotid arteries, external iliac arteries, renal arteries, umbilical arteries

Front 18

Adult blood path (right atrium to kidney to right atrium)

Back 18

right atrium> right ventricle> pulmonary trunk> pulmonary artery> lungs> pulmonary veins> left atrium> left ventricle> aorta> renal artery> kidney> renal vein> vena cava> right atrium

Front 19

foramen ovale

Back 19

opening (hole) in the septum between the left and right atria that allows blood passing into the right atrium to be channeled into the left atrium and away from the lungs, sends oxygen-rich blood to the body

Front 20

ductus arteriosus

Back 20

connection between pulmonary trunk and aorta that channels blood into the aorta, allows oxygen-rich blood to bypass lungs

Front 21

ductus venosus

Back 21

connects umbilical vein to vena cava in liver, deliver oxygen-rich blood from placenta to fetal heart

Front 22

Human heart

Back 22

left atrium, right atrium, left ventricle, right ventricle, aortic arch, aorta, precava, postcava, pulmonary trunk, pulmonary arteries, pulmonary veins, semilunar valves (at base of aorta & at base of pulmonary trunk), tricuspid valve (between right atrium & right ventricle), bicuspid valve (between left atrium & left ventricle)

Front 23

Oxygenated or deoxygenated blood

Back 23

left atrium: oxygenated
right atrium: deoxygenated
left ventricle: oxygenated
right ventricle: deoxygenated
aortic arch & aorta: oxygenated
precava & postcava: deoxygenated
pulmonary trunk: deoxygenated
pulmonary arteries: deoxygenated
pulmonary veins: oxygenated

Front 24

Fetal pig external anatomy

Back 24

external nares, vibrassae (whiskers), umbilical cord, anus, mammary papillae, urogenital opening

female: genital papilla
male: scrotal sacs (scrotum)

Front 25

What external features allow you to determine the sex of the fetal pig?

Back 25

Female: urogenital opening ventral to the anus at the base of the tail, genital papilla
Male: scrotum, urogenital opening near umbilical cord

Front 26

Oral cavity

Back 26

teeth, hard palate, soft palate, glottis (opening to trachea), epiglottis (flap that covers glottis), tongue, papillae

Front 27

Digestive system

Back 27

liver, gallbladder, stomach, spleen, pancreas, small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ilium), large intestine (spiral colon, descending colon), cecum, rectum, anus

Front 28

neck, throacic region, abominal region

Back 28

thymus, trachea, larynx, esophagus, thyroid gland, diaphragm, lungs, bronchi, heart, peritoneal cavity, peritoneum, pleural cavity, pleura, pericardium

Front 29

Phylum Echinodermata

Back 29

Class Crinoidea
-sea lilies, feather stars
Class Ophiuroidea
-brittle stars, basket stars
Class Echinoidea
-sand dollars, sea urchins
Class Holothuroidea
-sea cucumbers
Class Asteroidea
-sea stars, sun stars

Front 30

What is Aristotle's lantern? Which class of animals would it be found?

Back 30

5-part mouth region of sea urchins
Class Echinoidea

Front 31

Phylum Echinodermata
Class Asteroidea

Back 31

external:
-oral vs aboral
-arms, central disk, madreporite, pedicellariae, dermal branchiae, spines, tube feet, ambulacral grooves

internal:
-cardiac stomach, pyloric stomach, stone canal, ring canal, digestive glands, gonads, ambulacral ridges, ampullae

Front 32

distinguishing characteristics of Phylum Chordata

Back 32

notochord
dorsal nerve cord
postanal tail
pharynx
endostyle

Front 33

Phylum Chordata
Subphylum Chephalochordata
Genus Branchiostoma
(amphioxus/lancelet)

Back 33

myomeres, notochord, dorsal nerve cord, rostrum, velum, pharynx, gill bars, gill slits, oral cirri, oral hood, wheel organ, atriopore, hepatic cecum, intestine, anus, postanal tail

Front 34

Phylum Chordata
Subphylum Chephalochordata
Genus Branchiostoma
(amphioxus/lancelet)

cross section

Back 34

dorsal fin, dorsal nerve cord, notochord, myomeres, atrium, pharynx, gill bars, hepatic cecum, ovary (female) or testis (male)

Front 35

Phylum Chordata
Subphylum Urochordata (Tunicata)

(ascidian larva)

Back 35

notochord, pharyngeal slits, postanal tail

Front 36

Phylum Chordata
Subphylum Vertebrata

(lamprey larva/ ammocoete)

Back 36

notochord, dorsal nerve cord, postanal tail

Front 37

Phylum Arthropoda

Back 37

Subphylum Trilobita
Subphylum Chelicerata
-Class Merestomata (horseshoe crab)
-Class Arachnida (spiders, scorpions, ticks, mites)
Subphylum Myriapoda
-Class Chilopoda (centipede)
-Class Diplopoda (millipede)
Subphylum Crustacea (isopod, sow bug, barnacle, crab, krill, shrimp, lobster, cray fish)
Subphylum Hexapoda
-Class Insecta

Front 38

Phylum Arthropoda
Subphylum Crustacea
Class Malacostraca

cray fish anatomy

Back 38

external:
-cephalothorax, abdomen, rostrum, compound eyes, antennas, antennules, chelipeds, walking legs, swimmerettes (male: copulatory swimmerettes), uropods, telson

internal:
-gills, heart, ostia, digestive gland, intestine, stomach, gastric mill, green gland, brain, circumesophageal nerves

Front 39

Phylum Arthropoda
Subphylum Hexapoda
Class Insecta
Genus Romalea

grasshopper external anatomy

Back 39

head, thorax, abdomen, antennae, compound eyes, ocelli, pronotum, forewing, hindwing, spiracles, ovipositor, coxa, trochanter, femur, tibia, tarsus, tarsal claw

Front 40

Grasshopper mouthparts

Back 40

labrum, mandible, maxilla, maxillary palp, labium, labial palps

Front 41

Phylum Arthropoda
Subphylum Chelicerata
Class Arachnida

Back 41

cephalothroax, abdomen, chelicerae, pedipalps

Front 42

Subphylum Myriapoda

Chilopoda vs Diplopoda

Back 42

Centipedes:
-1 pair walking legs per segment
-2 antennae and 2 fangs
Millipedes:
-2 pairs walking legs per segment
-2 antennae, no fangs

Front 43

Arthropoda Body structure

Back 43

Antennae, Appendages, Mouthparts, Tagmata, Walking Legs

Front 44

Phylum Mollusca

Back 44

Class Polyplacophora (chitons)
Class Scaphopoda (tooth/tusk shells)
Class Gastropoda (snails, nudibranchs, slugs, abalone)
Class Bivalvia (clams oysters, mussels, scallops)
Class Cephalopoda (squid, octopuses, nautiluses)

Front 45

Phylum Mollusca
Class Cephalopoda

squid anatomy

Back 45

mantle, fins, tentacles, arms, eyes, funnel (siphon), beak, mouth, funnel retractor muscles, ctenidia (gills), ink sac, systemic heart, branchial hearts (top of ctenidia),
male: cecum, testes
female: ovary, nidamental glands, accessory nidamental glands

Front 46

Phylum Annelida

Back 46

-Class Polychaeta (sandworms, clam worms, tubeworms, fanworms, scaleworms, lug worms)
-Class Oligochaeta (earthworms, angleworms, blackworms)
-Class Hirudinida (Hirudinea= leeches)

Front 47

Phylum Annelida
Class Polychaeta
Genus Nereis

Back 47

parapodia, prostomium, peristomium, tentacles, palps. eyes, pharynx, jaws

Front 48

Nereis parapodium

Back 48

parapodium, notopodium, peuropodium, setae, aciculae

Front 49

Define "parapodium" & indicate which class would you find one.

Back 49

"para-"= other, "-podia"= appendages

Class Polychaeta

Front 50

Phylum Annelida
Class Oligochaeta
Genus Lumbricus

earthworm cross section

Back 50

cuticle, epidermis, circular muscle, longitudinal muscle, coelom, intestine, typhosole, dorsal blood vessel, ventral blood vessel, ventral nerve cord, nephridium

Front 51

Phylum Annelida
Class Oligochaeta
Genus Lumbricus

earthworm anatomy

Back 51

segments, clitellum, mouth, prostomium, anus, pharynx, esophagus, crop, gizzard, intestine, hearts, dorsal blood vessel, seminal vesicles, seminal receptacles, nephridia, ventral blood vessel, ventral nerve cord

Front 52

Phylum Chordata
Subphylum Vertebrata

Back 52

Class Myxini
-hagfish
Class Amphibia
-frog, salamander, caecilians
Class Reptilia
-crocodile, lizard, snake, turtle
Class Mammalia
-mammals, rodents
Class Aves
-birds
Class Actinopterigii
-ray-finned fishes (perch)
Class Sarcopterigii
-lobe-finned fish (lungfish)
Class Petromyzontida
-lampreys
Class Chondrichthyes
-cartilaginous fishes (shark, rays)

Front 53

Small intestine

Back 53

Duodenum (beginning)
Jejunum (middle)
Ileum (end, closest to large intestine)

Front 54

Body cavities

Back 54

Peritoneal cavity
- gut cavity
- lined with peritoneum
Pleural cavity
- lung cavity
- line with pleura
Pericardium
- heart cavity
- lined with pericardium
- heart takes up most of cavity