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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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occurs when chance events influence the frequency of genes (evolutionary change). Also called neutral selection
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genetic drift
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changes in gene frequency that occur when a few individuals from a parental population colonize new habitats. The change is a result of founding individuals not having a representative sample of the parental population's genes.
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founder effect
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changes in gene frequency that result when numbers in a population are drastically reduced, and genetic variability is reduced as a result of the population being built up again from relatively few surviving individuals
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bottleneck effect
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natural selection that occurs when individuals at one phenotypic extreme have an advantage over individuals with more common phenotypes
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directional selection
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natural selection that occurs when individuals of the most common phenotypes are at a disadvantage. Produces contrasting subpopulations
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disruptive selection
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natural selection that results in the decline of both extremes in a phenotypic range. Results in a narrowing of the phenotypic range.
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stabilizing selection
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a group of populations in which genes are actually, or potentially, exchanged through multiple generations. Numerous problems with this definition make it difficult to apply in all circumstances.
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species
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the process by which two or more species form from a single ancestral stock
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speciation
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speciation that occurs in populations separated by geographical barriers
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allopatric speciation
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evolutionary change that results in the formation of a number of new characteristics from an ancestral form, usually in response to the opening of new habitats
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adaptive radiation
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speciation that occurs in populations that have overlapping ranges
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sympatric speciation
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groups of individuals of the same species that occupy a given area at the same time and share a common set of genes
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population
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differences within a population are based on variety within each trait
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populations
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the sum of all the alleles for all traits in a sexually reproducing population is a pool of hereditary resources for the entire population
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gene pool
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