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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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APOMORPHY |
DERIVED CHARACTERS THAT DEFINE A CLADE |
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AUTAPOMORPHY |
DERIVED CHARACTER OF A SINGLE TAXON |
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SYNAPOMORPHY |
DERIVED CHARACTER BY 2 OR MORE TAXA |
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(PHYLETIC GROUPING) MONOPHYLETIC |
CLADE THAT INCLUDES MRCA AND ALL OF ITS DECENDENTS |
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PARAPHYLETIC |
INCLUDES MRCA BUT NOT ALL DECENDENTS |
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POLYPHYLETIC |
INCLUDES NUMEROUS TAXA, BUT DOES NOT INCLUDE THE MRCA |
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PROTISTA: |
DIFFERENT FORMS OF PSEUDOPODIA: - LOBOPODIA -RETICULOPODIA -AXOPODIA |
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LOBOPODIA (ameba looking) |
SENDS EXTENSION FORWARD CONTAINING MOLECULES OF ACTIN AND MYOSIN -AS IT MOVES FORWARD, ENZYMATICALLY BREAKS THE CROSS LINKS AND SENDS THE FREE ACTIN AND MYOSIN TO THE FRONT OF THE ORGANISM |
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RETICULOPODIA |
THIN PSEUDOPODIA SINCE IN A GROUP OF RHIZARIA : FORAMINIFERANS |
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FORAMINIFERANS |
FORM A CaCo3 TEST (SHELL) AROUND SELF. - |
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AXOPODIA |
EXTENSIONS FILLED WITH MICROTUBULES -IN A LOOSE SPIRAL ARRANGEMENT AND MAY REPRESENT A STEP IN THE EVOLUTION OF FLAGELLA/CILIA - RADIOLARIANS (GROUP OF RHIZARIANS) THAT USE AXOPODIA |
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OSMOREGULATION |
CONTRACTILE VACUOLE -"HYDROGEN ACTIVE TRANSPORT PROTEIN" PUMPS H+ IONS INTO VACUOLE WHILE BICARBOATE FOLLOWS PASSIVELY - AS H2O FILLS VACUOLE TO CAPACITY, VACUOLE MERGES W/PLASMA MEMBRANE AND DUMPS H20 INTO ENVIRONMENT |
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PROTISTS REPRODOCUTION
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ASEXUALLY BY BINARY FISSION
-SIMPLE MITOTIC DIVISION CREATES OFFSPRING - |
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EXCAVATA (protista supergroup) |
TRYPANOSOMA -skinny flagellated organisms within red blood cells EUGLENA -use flagella to propel self through H2O - base of flagellum : basal body (organizes microtubules of flagellum) -beside flagellum : stigma (casts shadow on basal body & directs movement) |
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CHROMALVEOLATA (protista supergroup) |
APICOMPLEXANS (PLASMODIUM) -non-motile parasites -plasmodium responsible for malaria CILIATES (PARAMECIUM) -100/minute cilia for locomotion -most are solitary, microstructure same as eukaryotic flagellum -ciliophora -have micronucleus with multiple copies of genome and micronucleus with single copy |
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RHIZARIA (protista supergroup) |
FORAMINIFERANS -calcium carbonate test (shell) RADIOLARIANS -silicon dioxide (glass) test |
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ARCHAEPLASTIDA (protista supergroup0 |
VOLVOX -directional movement -reproduction (sexual and asexual) |
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UNIKONTA (protista supergroup) |
AMEBA CHOANOFLAGELLATES |
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CHOANOCYTES (cell types used by porifera) |
flagellated cells that create an incurrent of water - feeding cell |
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ARCHAEOCYTES/AMEBACYTES (cell types used by porifera) |
look like ameba
-move among the choanocytes, phagocytizing and digesting larger food particles -offer nutrients to other cells in the organism -able to differentiate into other cell types |
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PINACOCYTES (cell types used by porifera) |
tough flat cells that cover organism or line canals opening directly to outside environment -protective layer - the "skin" |
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SCLEROCYTES |
secrete-skeleton like framework for the
organism -some secrete spongin, others secrete crystals of calcium carbonate - theses cells move through sponge and exocytose protein fibers |
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CALCAREA (class of porifera) |
REINFORCES ITSELF WITH SPICULES OF CALCIM CARBONATE |
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HEXACTINELLIDA (class of porifera) |
uses 6-rayed spicules of silicon dioxide
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DEMOSPONGIAE (class of porifera) |
-uses silicon spicules (NOT 6-rayed)
-spongin protein: main skeletal support |
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SPONGOCOEL |
hollow cavity running up the middle |
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INCURRENT CANALS |
canals that open to the outside |
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RADIAL CANALS |
canals that open to the spongocoel |
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DERMAL OSTIA |
-lead food-laden water from environment to incurrent canals |
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PROSOPYLE |
-water moves from incurrent canal to the prosopyle (an opening) to the radial canal -acts as a filter |
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APOPYLE |
-water then passes through apopyle from the radial canal |
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OSCULUM |
from apopyle, water passes out through the
osculum |
