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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a premise? |
Information. Facts, you can't argue against a fact. |
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What is a conclusion? |
Is an opinion. What the author want you to believe in. |
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What are the structures of the sentences? |
-) Because Y, Z -) A leads to B -) Because A leads to B, Z -) Because Y, A leads to B Y is a Premise. Z is a conclusion. A leads to be is for causal relationships. |
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What are the types of problems? |
-) Except -) Assumption -) Strengthening -) Weakening -) Inference -) Explanation and paradox -) Bold face -) Evidence/evaluate the argument -) Fill in the blanks -) Logical flaw -) Method of argument |
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Which types of problems have conclusions and which not? |
-) No conclusions: Inferences Explanation and paradox -) Conclusions: Strengthening Weakening Evidence/evaluate the argument Bold face AssumptionsEvidence/evaluate the argumentBold faceFill in the blankMethod of argumentLogical flaw Fill in the blank Method of argument Logical flaw |
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What is the strategy for an except problem? |
Indetify the 2 groups: 4 answers that will do something and the 1 that will be the exception. |
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How do you Identify the correct answer for an assumption question? |
The correct answer brings new information that must be there for the conclusion to be true |
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What is the negation test? And In what type of answer it is used? |
It used in assumption answers. Negate the answer choice and check if the conclusion is still true. If the conclusion gets destroyed, that is the correct answer. |
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What is the strategy for the assumption questions? |
1) Identify question and understand what the question is asking 2) identify the conclusion 3) check answers with "what must I have thought in the past to get to this conclusion? 4) Use negation test to eliminate the remaining answer choices |
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How do you know if an answer for an strengthening question is correct? |
The correct answer includes new information to support the conclusion |
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What is the strategy for strengthening questions? |
1) Identify the question and what the question is answer 2) Identify the conclusion to know what you are strengthening 3) Ask yourself "How can this conclusion be most seriously strengthened 4) if 2 answers strengthen, choose the one that strengthens more |
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How do you identify the correct answer for weakening questions? |
The correct questions includes new information to weaken the conclusion |
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What is the strategy for Weakening questions? |
1) Identify question and understand what the question is asking 2) Identify the conclusion 3) Ask yourself "how can this conclusion be most seriously weakened? |
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How can you weaken a conclusion? |
New information ( C -> B) Change the order (B -> A) |
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How do you identify the correct answer for an inference question? |
The correct answer: -) has NO new information, -) must be 100% inferred -) and it doesn't have to be a conclusion, just something that can be 100% inferred |
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What is the strategy for the Inference questions? |
1) Identify the question and what the question is asking 2) Before reading the answer, I say "the passage is true, so what else must be true?" 3) we are not necessarily looking for a conclusion, just what can be inferred based on the information we have |
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What is the difference between Assumption questions and inference questions? |
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Question you ask for assumption problem
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Did the author have to think of this in the past to get to their conclusion??
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Quesiton you ask for inference problem
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The passage is true so does this answer have to be true?? Remember that these problems do not have because YZ reasoning!
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Question you ask yoursefl for Bold Face problem
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Do bold face statements fall into conclusion or premise bucket? What is argument/ other conclusions? What is relationship between bold face? Do they support one another, disagree?
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What is an argument in BF problems
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The argument is what the author's reasoning, opinion is. There could be a second conclusion/reasoning in the passage from another party. But because that party is NOT the author, this cannot be the argument.
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What do you look for in explanation and paradox problems?
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You look for a paradox and put it in the structure, how can it be that x is happening, yet y is also happening?
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Except problems: All of the following strengthen the conclusion except –
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4 strengthen the conclusion, 1 does NOT strengthen the conclusion. When looking at each answer I ask myself "does this strengthen the conclusion? If yes, it's wrong. If no, it's correct.
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Most
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Most usually means 51% – 99%
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any x
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100%
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all of x
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100%
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every x
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100%
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whichever
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100%
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Therefore
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Alert word, what comes before therefore is almost always the Because Y. What comes after is the Z
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Thus
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Alert word, what comes before therefore is almost always the Because Y. What comes after is the Z
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Clearly
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Alert word, what comes before therefore is almost always the Because Y. What comes after is the Z
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It can be reasoned that
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Alert word, what comes before therefore is almost always the Because Y. What comes after is the Z
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Because of this
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Alert word, what comes before therefore is almost always the Because Y. What comes after is the Z
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Since
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Alert word, this word means BECAUSE, usually what comes after it is the Because Y
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Reasoning is King
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This is just something you should remember ; )
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Negation Test
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We ONLY use this test for assumption problems. When we are down to 3 answers or less. If you negate an answer choice and that negated answer destroys the conclusion, then you have found the correct answer
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How can you weaken an A––>B relationship
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There are many ways to weaken this, but the most common ways the GMAT uses are B––> A .....A happened at the same time as B........OR C ––>B
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What is first step that you always take to solve a CR problem?
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We ALWAYS read and identify the quesiton first
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For bold face, does 'finding' fall into the premise or conclusion bucket?
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premise
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For bold face, does 'consideration' fall into the premise or conclusion bucket?
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premise
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For bold face, 'position' fall into the premise or conclusion bucket
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conclusion
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For bold face, 'position' fall into the premise or conclusion bucket
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conclusion
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What is the main reason that people miss CR problems?
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They do not identify the reasoning correctly
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If I believe that A leads to B. I MUST assume that:
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A happened before B.......OR C cannot be the primary reason that B happens (it must be A).....OR B cannot lead to A
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If I am trying to weaken reasoning that has A leads to B, I can weaken it by saying:
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B and A happened at the same time....OR C (not B) actually leads to A......OR B leads to A
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For bold face, 'understanding' falls into the premise or conclusion bucket
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conclusion
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For bold face, 'claim' falls into the premise or conclusion bucket
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conclusion
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For bold face, 'background' falls into the premise or conclusion bucket
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premise
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How do we approach Fill In The Blank Problems?
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Pay close attention to the last two sentences before the blank and identify what actual type of CR problem you're dealing with
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What is the correct answer for the explanation and paradox questions? |
The correct answer has new information and gives an Aha moment |
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What is the strategy for Explanation and paradox questions? |
1) identify question and what question is asking 2) Identify the paradox 3) put the paradox in structure: "how can it be that x happens, yet y is also happening 4) correct answer will give you an Aha moment explaining the paradox. Ask yourself "does this explain everything? |
