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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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the aspects of a culture that guide and incluene relationships amond people--their values, needs and standards of behavior
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social forces
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the influence of political and legal institutions on people and organizations
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political forces
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forces that affect the availability, production, and distribution of a society's resources among competing users
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economic forces
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a management perpective that emerged during the 19th and early 20th century that emphasized a rational, scientific approach to the study of mangemet and sought to make organizations efficient operating machines
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classical approach
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a subfield of the classical management perpective that emphasized scientifically determined changes in management practives as the solution to improving labor productivity
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scientific management
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a subfield of the classical mangement perpective that emphasized management on an impersonal, rational basis trough such elements as clearly defined authority and responsibility, formal record keeping, and separation of management and ownership
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bureaucratic organizations
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a subfield of the classical management perspective that focuses on the total organization rather than the individual worker, delineating the management functions of planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating, and controlling
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administrative principles
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a mangement perpective that eerged near the late 19th century and emphasized understanding human behavior, needs, and attitudes in the workplace
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humanistic perspective
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a series of experiments on worder productivity begun in 1924 at the Hawthorne plant of Western Electric Company in Illinois; attributed employees' increased output to managers' better treatment of them during the study
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hawthorne studies
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a movement in mangementthinking and practice that emphasizes satisfaction of employees' basic needs as the key to increased worker productivity
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human relations movement
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a management perpective that suggests jobs should be designed to meet higher-level needs by allowing workers to use their full potential
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human resources perspective
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a subfield of the humanistic mangement perpective that applies social science in an organizational context, drawing from economics, psychology, sociology, and other disciplines
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behavioral sciences approach
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a management perspective that emerged after WWII and applied mathematics, statistics, and other quantitative techniques to managerial problems
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management science perspective
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a set of interrelated parts that function as a whole to achieve a common purpose
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system
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an extension of the humanistic perspective that describes organizations as open systems characterized by entropy, synergy, and subsystem interdependence
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systems theory
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a system that interacts with the external environment
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open system
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a system that oes not interact with the external environment
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closed system
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the tendency for a system to rund own and die
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entropy
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the concept that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts
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synergy
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parts of a system that depend on one another for their functioning
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subsystems
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an extension of the humanistic perpective in which the successful resolution of organizational problems is thought to depend on mangers' identification of key variations in the situation at hand
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contingency view
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a concept that focuses on managing the total organization to deliver quality to customers. Four significant elements of TQM are employee involvement, focus on the cusomer, benchmarking, and continuous improvement
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Total Quality Management
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an organization in which everyone is engaged in identifying and solving problems, enabling the organization to continuously experiment, improve, and increase its capability
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learning organization
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work an organization does by using electronic linkages
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e-business
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business exchanges or transactions that occur electronically
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e-commerce
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managing the sequence of suppliers and purchasers, covering all stages of processing from obtaining raw materials to distributing finished goods to final customers
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supply chain management
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systems that unite a company's major busines functions--order processing, product design, purchasing, inventory, and so on
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enterprise resource planning (ERP)
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the efforts to systematically find, organize, and make available a company's intellectual capital and to foster a culture of continuous learning and knowledge sharing
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knowledge management
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systems that help companies track customers' interaction with the firm and allow employees to call up information on past transactions
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customer relationship management (CRM)
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contracting out selected functions or activities of an organization to other organizations that can do the work more cost-efficiently
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outsourcing
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