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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Sante's equation
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2x tissue thickness(cm)+ SID + grid factor = KvP
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Where should patella be positioned when taking a craniocaudal view of the femur?
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between femoral condyles
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What position is pt in for a caudocranial view of the stifle joint?
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sternal (rear leg is stretched out behind pt)
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What should be included in view of femur?
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Hip joint, femur, and stifle
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What should field of view include in film of tibia and fibula?
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stifle, tibia & fibula, and tarsal joint
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Where is the beam center and measurement for a lateral or craniocaudal view of the femur?
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Both are at middle of femur
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Where is the beam center and measurement for a craudocranial view of the stifle joint?
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Center - over stifle joint
measurement - distal end of femur |
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Where is beam center and measurement for both lateral and caudocranial views of tibia and fibula?
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Center - middle of tib and fib
measurement - over stifle joint |
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Where is beam center and measurement views of tarsus?
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Center - middle of tarsus
Measurement - thickest area of tarsal joint |
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metatarsus-phalanges views - beam and measurement
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Beam - midmetatarsal region
Measurement - distal tarsal joint |
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When positioning for lateral view of pelvis - which femur should be slightly more cranial?
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limb closest to the cassette
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Which pelvic view should be used if pelvic trauma is suspected?
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dorsal w/ limbs in frog-leg position
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Which view of stifle is most likely to be magnified?
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craniocaudal
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What are the 5 positioning requirements for a VD pelvis?
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femurs parallel to eachother, patellae centered between femoral condyles, pelvis is w/o rotation (sides are mirror images), tail secured w/ tape (if needed) between femurs, view includes pelvis, femurs & stifle joint
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Extended VD view of pelvis - beam & measurement
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Beam - caudal portion of ischium
Measure - center of femur |
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Any body part in excess of ____ requires the use of a grid.
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10 cm
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Describe QC test - SID Marks
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Measure from focal spot on tube to top of table, measure from top of table to top of cassette in bucky tray - add two measurements together - should equal SID indicated on tube stand
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Describe QC test - Perpendicularity
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Use level to make sure that xray tube is level and perpendicular to the tabletop
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Describe QC test - tube/table/crane locks
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activate and deactivate locks to make sure that they lock securely and unlock properly
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Describe QC test - X-ray Field of Light
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Clean cover over collimator, make sure that in normal room light the edges of the field are easily seen
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Describe QC test - light field size
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Measure light field to make sure it is w/i 2% of collimator indicators
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Describe QC test - Angulation Indicator
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use protractor placed on table top to make sure that decree of angle of x-ray tube is accurate
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Describe QC test - Light Field/X-ray Field alignment
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Place 9 coins on light field - one in center and 8 at edges (one in field, one out), develop film - should show all of (and only) coins in field. This makes sure collimator is adjusted properly
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Describe QV test - Fog Test
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expose film, take into darkroom and remove film from cassette, cover half of film w/ cassette and allow to sit for 2 minutes, develop film - difference in sides indicates something is causing a radiographic fog
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What is the difference between a positive contract media and a negative?
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positive will appear as black on a radiograph, negative will appear as white
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Barium and Iodine are what kind of contract media?
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positive
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Gases are what kind of contrast media?
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negative
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What view is contraindicated during esophagography and why?
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VD, patient could aspirate the media
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What contrast media is insoluable in the GI tract and not absorbed by the abdomen or thorax if leakage occurs?
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Barium
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What medium is contraindicated if a GI perforation is suspected? What should be used in its place in this case?
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Barium - iodine should be used
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What supplies would you need for a barium series?
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barium, saline, catheter tipped 60 ml syringe, orogastric tube, lube, gauze, towels, cassettes
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Why is a small amount of saline infused before the barium?
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To make sure that tube is correctly placed - animal will cough if tube not placed correctly (saline going into lungs)
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If a film is too dark what adjustment could be made?
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decrease KVP by 10-15%
decrease MAS by 30-50% |
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If a film is too light what adjustments could be made?
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increase KVP by 10-15%
increase MAS by 30 - 50% |
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If film is all the same shade of white or grey, what adjustment should be made?
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increase KVP to increase penetration
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What view is preferred for lateral abdomen and why?
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Right lateral - gives better view of kidneys (rt kidney more cranial because of heart)
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What is proper temp of chemicals for manual processing?
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68°
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Why do chemicals need to be stirred before manual processing?
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The chemical are suspensions and components tend to settle on bottom of tanks
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5 steps of manual film processing
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developer, rinse/stop bath, fix, wash, dry
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Why is the film removed quickly from the developer and placed into the rinse bath (and from the fix to the wash)?
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To keep spent developer/fix from the film from dripping back into the tank
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How long is film in the rinse tank in manual film processing?
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30 seconds
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Why if film agitated in tanks in manual processing?
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To remove air bubbles from the film
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How long is film in fix?
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2x developing time
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How long should a film wash?
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20-30 minutes
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Why are film corners sometimes clipped w/ manual processing?
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Some of the hangers may puncture film and you do not want those punctures scratching adjacent films when filed
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